Nickel Exposure When Working Out in the Gym

Gumulka, Martin; Matura, Mihály; Lidén, Carola; Kettelarij, Jolinde; Julander, Anneli

doi:10.2340/00015555-1917

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This tendency, with nickel allergy not decreasing but remaining at ∼ 10% among young boys and girls in the general population, may reflect the fact that the short and frequently occurring contacts with nickel in daily life are not regulated. Examples are mobile phones, tools, coins, and gym equipment . The use of laptop computers seems to be another example, adding to the sum of everyday skin exposure to metals that is difficult to avoid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy risks with laptop computers – nickel and cobalt release

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy risks with laptop computers – nickel and cobalt release

et al. 2016

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“…Although the current main causes of nickel allergy and dermatitis are presumed to be well‐known risk items such as earrings and jewellery, the widespread use of nickel may be of importance for the continuing high prevalence of nickel allergy . Recent reports have shown that various metallic items intended for short but repeated skin contact can lead to accumulation of nickel on the skin over time . These exposures may not be as obvious and may therefore not be studied to the same extent, which is why little is known about their clinical implications.…”

Section: Sources Of Nickel Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…61 Recent reports have shown that various metallic items intended for short but repeated skin contact can lead to accumulation of nickel on the skin over time. 61,[66][67][68][69] These exposures may not be as obvious and may therefore not be studied to the same extent, which is why little is known about their clinical implications. Knowledge of the importance of T A B L E 1 Examples of occupations associated with nickel allergy and dermatitis nickel in cosmetics is less well studied.…”

Section: Consumermentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment

et al. 2019

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Nickel is the most frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide and has been studied extensively. This clinical review provides an updated overview of the epidemiology, exposure sources, methods for exposure quantification, skin deposition and penetration, immunology, diagnosis, thresholds for sensitization and elicitation, clinical pictures, prevention, and treatment. The implementation of a nickel regulation in Europe led to a decrease in the prevalence of nickel allergy, and changes in the clinical picture and disease severity. Nevertheless, the prevalences of nickel allergy in the European general population are approximately 8% to 19% in adults and 8% to 10% in children and adolescents, with a strong female predominance. Well‐known consumer items such as jewellery and metal in clothing are still the main causes of nickel allergy and dermatitis, although a wide range of items for both private and occupational use may cause dermatitis. Allergic nickel dermatitis may be localized to the nickel exposure site, be more widespread, or present as hand eczema. Today, efficient methods for exposure quantification exist, and new insights regarding associated risk factors and immunological mechanisms underlying the disease have been obtained. Nevertheless, questions remain in relation to the pathogenesis, the persistent high prevalence, and the treatment of severe cases.

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“…Very few studies, however, assess exposure of those exercising in the gyms to nickel. There is only one report with a small sample to show higher concentrations of nickel from the contact with bars compared to non-exercising individuals 3 . In this presentation, they found nickel both on the bars and the skin of exercising individuals using acid test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure to nickel from the metal equipment in the gym

et al. 2019

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It remains unclear whether gym customers are exposed to any nickel from the metal equipment and if the exposure is associated with the duration of contact. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain exposure to nickel measured through nickel concentration in the hair in those exercising in a fitness gym. We enrolled 100 amateur athletes in one of the gyms in Almaty, Kazakhstan (all men, median age 30 (interquartile range (IQR) 10) years), exercising from 2 to 7 days a week for 40 to 180 minutes and their age- and sex-matched controls who did not exercise. All subjects filled in the questionnaires on the exercising patterns, smoking and occupational exposure and then donated 0.25 g of head hair, in which nickel was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hair nickel concentration ranged from 0 to 8.5 µg/g with notable left-skewness towards low concentrations in both groups. Hair nickel concentration was not associated with age, smoking or occupation, but was significantly lower in amateur athletes compared to controls (median 0 (IQR 0.5) vs. 0.9 (IQR 1.4) µg/g). More days a week in a gym, longer workout history, longer workout duration or supplements use did not increase the probability of being stratified in a high-exposure subgroup (defined as 75th percentile of hair nickel concentration and higher); however, there were more smokers in a low-exposure group (p<0.05). With the mixed pattern of exposure, gym goers may be unlikely exposed to more nickel from the metal equipment in the gym, however the exposure may depend on the specific alloy composition.

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Nickel Exposure When Working Out in the Gym

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Allergy risks with laptop computers – nickel and cobalt release

Allergy risks with laptop computers – nickel and cobalt release

Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment

Exposure to nickel from the metal equipment in the gym

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