Nickel and High-Nickel Alloys

Abstract

The I n t e r n a t i o n a l Nickel C o m p a n y , Znc., N e w Y o r k , N . Y .presentannual review of published references to the use COMYOSlTIONS OF ALLOYS A number of new alloys were reported, most of them designed to achieve improved mechanical or physical properties over those currently available. Kinsey and Stewart (f 83) described preliminary studies on nickel-aluminum-molybdenum alloys to develop an alloy for use under stress at 815' C. (1500' F.) and upward. Griffiths (142) reported improvements in high temperature performance of nickel-cobalt base alloys through suitable heat treatments. Additional modifications are reported (36, f22, I W ) leading to improvements in properties of these alloys.Doyle (109) specified improved compositions relating to nickel-, cobalt-, and chromium-base alloys for high temperature service,The alloys consist of 10 to 72% nickel, 10 to 39.5% cobalt, 15 to 20% chromium, 2.7 to 5.7% aluminum, 1.55 to 3.5% titanium, and specified ranges of silicon, titanium, manganese, columbium, molybdenum, vanadium, tantalum, or tungsten either singly or in combination. Heat treatment is also specified. Scott and Gordon (263) described a precipitation hardening austenitic alloy composed of 15 to 35% uickel, 20 to 40% cobalt, 17 to 22% chromiuni, 3 tu 15% molybdenum, 1 to 9% tungsten, 0.5 to 3% mauganese, 0.1 to 0.7% silicon, less than 0.2% carbon, and the balance iron. Age-hardening heat treatments we described. Craighead et al. (99) reported binary alloys of titanium with nickel and cobalt and ternary alloys of titanium-chromium alloys with nickel and cobalt among others. Charts on properties and diagrams are included.Allen (2) described an alloy suitable for electrical resistor elements consisting of 10 to 30% chromium, silver and aluminum, each in amounts within the range of 3 to 5% but total amount within range of 6 to 8%, and the balance nickel. An improved electrical resistance material composed of oxides of manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper, with manganese forming from 50 to 60% of the total metal present,, is report.ed (36). A specific composition is claimed in which the atomic proportions are 50% manganese, 16% nickel, 30% cobalt, and 4% copper.Kubaschewski and Goldbeck (f89) studied the mechanism of the oxidation of nickel-platinum alloys containing 0 to 90 atomic % platinum. Various conclusions drawn are believed to be generally applicable to other similar alloys. Elsea and McBride (111) investigated the influence of nitrogen, iron, or nickel additions upon the transformation and precipitation reactions occurring in cobalt-rich cobalt-chromium alloys. I t was found that these elements tend to promote formnt,ion of t.he gamma phase. Improvements relating to electrical resistance elements are described (SI), together with a componition of an alloy of low temperature coefficient of resistance, which contains 10 to 30% chromium, 1 to 4y0 aluminum, and the balance nickel.A nickel-base alloy is described (55) suitable for use in spheroidal cast iron. A process is described (60) ...