Nickel and chromium levels in the saliva of a Saudi sample treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

Talic, Nabeel; Alnahwi, Hasan H.; Al-Faraj, Ali S.

doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2013.10.001

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Table 2 shows the characteristics of 14 studies included in this meta-analysis. Four studies had been conducted in India [2,10,22,23], three in Iran [24,25,26], one in Norway [5], one in Turkey [13], one in Brazil [11], one in Greece [4], one in Morocco [6], one in Saudi Arabia [15], and one in Germany [1]. Two studies [1,22] reported the median (quartile) of the salivary level of ions, two studies [4,5] reported the median (range), and one study [6] reported the mean (range) values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the six case-control studies included in this meta-analysis, two studies [15,26] showed significantly higher nickel level in patients under orthodontic treatment than controls and two studies [32,44] did not show any significant difference between the two groups, but two other studies [9,34] showed a lower level in patients compared to controls ( P > 0.05). Also, evaluation of chromium level in five studies revealed that three studies [26,34,44] reported a higher level in patients compared to controls ( P > 0.05) while two other studies [9,15] reported a lower level in patients compared to controls. Meta-analysis of two eligible case-control studies [15,26] showed a higher level of nickel, but a lower level of chromium without a significant difference between the two groups of patients and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily oral intake of nickel from food is estimated to be 200–300 to 600 μg/day [1,14]. The average dietary intake of chromium is estimated to be 50–200 μg/day [15]. In vitro nickel release from orthodontic appliances was reported to be 22–40 μg/day, which was lower than the estimated dietary intake [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2019

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Nickel and chromium ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances may act as allergens. This study aimed to systematically review the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on salivary levels of these ions by doing a meta-analysis on cross-sectional and cohort studies. The Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for articles on salivary profile of nickel or chromium in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment published from January 1983 to October 2017. A random-effect meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3 to calculate mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the quality of questionnaire was evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Fourteen studies were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. Salivary nickel level was higher in periods of 10 min or less (MD = −11.5 µg/L, 95% CI = −16.92 to −6.07; P < 0.0001) and one day (MD = −1.38 µg/L, 95% CI = −1.97 to −0.80; P < 0.00001) after initiation of treatment compared to baseline (before the insertion of appliance). Salivary chromium level was higher in periods of one day (MD = −6.25 µg/L, 95% CI = −12.00 to −0.49; P = 0.03) and one week (MD = −2.07 µg/L, 95% CI = −3.88 to −0.26; P = 0.03) after the initiation of treatment compared to baseline. Corrosion of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to elevated salivary nickel and chromium concentrations early after initiation of orthodontic treatment. Randomized clinical trials controlling for factors affecting the saliva composition are recommended on a higher number of patients and among different ethnicities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2019

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“…The release of metal ions into the body has been studied in various conditions. Nickel and chromium levels in saliva [5][6][7], in serum [8,9], and in urine [10,11] have been evaluated by previous researchers, after periods of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, but the results were not consistent. The nickel and chromium levels on saliva of fixed orthodontic wearers were increase [12,13] after certain period of treatment, however the levels were not significantly different after a period of 30-90 day [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Between Nickel and Chromium Levels in Serum and Urine in Patients Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Longitudinal Study

Mudjari

Achmad

2018

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objective: To compare levels of nickel and chromium in serum and urine in orthodontic patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Material and Methods: Nickel and chromium ion concentration were measured in serum and urine of twenty patients (12 females and 8 males, aged 17-28 years old) who had fixed orthodontic treatment using Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The samples were taken before treatment (Baseline), two months, and six months later during treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test, and paired t-tests. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Average serum nickel level changed from 6.420 ppb to 6.855 ppb. Average serum chromium level changed from 5.305 ppb to 5.505 ppb in 6 months. Average urinary nickel level changed from 5.320 ppb to 5.610 ppb. Average urinary chromium level changed from 5.370 ppb to 5.520 ppb in 6 months. There was a statistically significant difference in serum (p<0.001) and urinary chromium (p=0.007) levels between observation times. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment might raise both urinary and serum nickel levels, but the differences were not statistically significant; the alterations in chromium levels were not consistent; nickel levels were higher in serum than in urine; chromium levels were higher in urine than in serum.

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“…This finding is contrary to ours as we found no differences in salivary electrolytes with metallic and ceramic brackets. Talic et al ( 15 ) reported that installment of fixed orthodontic appliances lead to non-toxic salivary nickel level increase during the therapy, unlike salivary chromium level which remained stable. This finding is not in concordance with our results as we found decreased chromium levels and no change in salivary nickel concentration 6 month after the insertion of orthodontic appliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Electrolytes in Patients with Metallic and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets

Jurela¹,

Verzak

Brailo

et al. 2018

Acta Stomatol Croat

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ObjectivesIt is known from the existing literature that metal ions within orthodontic appliances are prone to corrosion due to the salivary and bacterial interplay in the oral cavity. The results from the most studies show that levels of salivary nickel and chromium do not increase after the installment of orthodontic appliances.Material and methodsHowever, there are no studies on salivary levels of titanium, cobalt, copper and zinc in these patients. Salivary levels of nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were measured in 42 patients with ceramic brackets and in 42 patients with metal conventional brackets prior to insertion of orthodontic appliances and six months after insertion of orthodontic appliances by means of inductive coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed by use of Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann Whitney test with level of significance set at 0.05.ResultsThe results showed that salivary level of titanium increased significantly six months after installment of orthodontic appliances. Salivary level of chromium and zinc significantly decreased after installment of orthodontic appliances. There were no significant differences in salivary levels of nickel, titanium, chromium, copper, cobalt and zinc between the patients with metallic and those with ceramic brackets.ConclusionWe might conclude that the salivary level of titanium increased significantly six months after installment of orthodontic appliances unlike salivary levels of chromium and zinc which significantly decreased after installment of orthodontic appliances, regardless of bracket type which was used.

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Nickel and chromium levels in the saliva of a Saudi sample treated with fixed orthodontic appliances

Abstract: Fixed orthodontic appliances resulted in a non-toxic increase in salivary levels of Ni, but no change in Cr levels. Duration of orthodontic treatment did not affect Ni and Cr levels in the saliva.

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment on Salivary Nickel and Chromium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Comparison Between Nickel and Chromium Levels in Serum and Urine in Patients Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Longitudinal Study

Salivary Electrolytes in Patients with Metallic and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets

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