Nicholas Crisp's ?Porcellien?: A petrological comparison of sherds from the Vauxhall (London; ca. 1751-1764) and Indeo Pottery (Bovey Tracey, Devonshire; ca. 1767-1774) factory sites

Owen, J. Victor; Adams, Brian; Stephenson, Roy

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(200001)15:1<43::aid-gea3>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The symplectite is set in a matrix melt (M) phase that contains partly resorbed calcic plagioclase (Pl). positions predicted by appropriate phase diagrams (e.g., SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -K 2 O; cf Owen et al, 2000:.…”

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confidence: 99%

From London to Liverpool: Evidence for a Limehouse–Reid porcelain connection based on the analysis of sherds from the Brownlow Hill (ca. 1755–1767) factory site

Owen¹,

Hillis²

2003

Geoarchaeology

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The diversity of Brownlow Hill porcelains of the W m Reid & Co. era is due to the remarkably wide range in the composition of their pastes and glazes and inferred firing conditions relative to the initial vitrification temperature. Sixteen of 21 analyzed sherds from the factory site are bone-ash wares that display large variations in their bulk chemical composition. The remaining samples have silicious-aluminous (akin to "stone china" sensu Richard Pococke in 1750) and silicious-aluminous-calcic ("S-A-C") compositions that resemble Limehouse (London) and Pomona (Staffordshire) porcelains produced during the 1740s. The mineralogy of the Brownlow Hill S-A-C sherds suggests firing at a relatively high temperature (T max approaching 1400ЊC, based on relations on the SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CaO phase diagram), thereby obscuring the identity of some of the ingredients (e.g., the source of CaO) used in their manufacture. Limehouse and Brownlow Hill may have been linked through the activities of William Ball, who is mentioned in connection with both factories, or indirectly via former Limehouse staff later employed at the Pomona factory, located not far from a W m Reid & Co. branch factory in Shelton, Stoke-on-Trent. In terms of a time line, knowledge of these pastes appears to have spread first from London to Staffordshire, and then to Liverpool. ᭧

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From London to Liverpool: Evidence for a Limehouse–Reid porcelain connection based on the analysis of sherds from the Brownlow Hill (ca. 1755–1767) factory site

Owen¹,

Hillis²

2003

Geoarchaeology

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“…Sample BM12 (see Appendix B) has a highly silicious (73.2 wt % SiO 2 ) and aluminous (21.4% Al 2 O 3 ) composition consistent with true porcelain. It has a lead-bearing (34 wt % PbO) glaze, as is commonly found on some (but not all) early British true porcelains (Owen et al, 2000;Owen and Williams, 1999). Unless they are fragments of imported wares used as templates for the design of Bonnin and Morris porcelain, these imported wares appear to have no direct significance to the development of Philadelphia ceramics and will only be considered superficially in the present study.…”

Section: Bulk Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Contemporary British true porcelain, as first manufactured by William Cookworthy at Bristol and Plymouth, had an alkali-lime glaze (Owen et al, 2000), but toward the end of the 18th century, these wares commonly have a lead-bearing glaze (e.g., at Coalport; Owen and Sandon, 2001). Given the mixed context of these artifacts, it cannot be stated with certainty that this artifact dates to the early 1770s or earlier.…”

Section: Glaze Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical and mineralogical distinctions between Bonnin and Morris (Philadelphia, 1770–1772) porcelain and some contemporary British phosphatic wares

Owen

2001

Geoarchaeology

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The major element compositions of 15 ceramic sherds from the Bonnin and Morris factory site were determined by electron microprobe. Thirteen samples are phosphatic; the others consist of (a) "soapstone" (magnesian/plombian) and (b) true porcelain, and are interpreted as exotic artifacts, as is one compositionally distinct (relatively SiO 2 -poor, P 2 O 5 ϩCaO-rich) phosphatic sample. Although long considered to be virtually indistinguishable from Bow porcelain (London: ca. 1747-1776), the phosphatic Philadelphia wares have a relatively low mean CaO/P 2 O 5 ratio (3.3 versus 3.8; molecular proportions) and high alumina content (6.6 versus 5.4 wt % Al 2 O 3 ). Furthermore, unlike Bow, the Bonnin and Morris samples contain calcic plagioclase (bytownite), and in some instances, an orthoclase-rich ternary feldspar. The preservation of calcic plagioclase indicates that Philadelphia porcelain was fired at (rather than above) the thermal minimum in the An-SiO 2 -C 3 P system, although the presence of Na (and other fluxes) in these wares precludes the exact determination of the maximum firing temperature from this phase diagram. These wares are also distinctive insofar as the phosphate and melt phases can contain small amounts of lead; they have bulk lead contents of approximately 0.1-1.2 wt % PbO. This component has not been detected in the body of Bow or other contemporary British phosphatic porcelains. Their principal similarity lies in the fact that both wares contain sulfate. In addition, the glazes on Bonnin and Morris porcelain (e.g., PbO ϳ 35-50 wt %; SnO 2 ϳ 1-2%) compositionally resemble those used at Bow. If feldspar is formed at all, then Al-poor phosphatic porcelain (or those with low CaO/P 2 O 5 ratios) will have comparatively low modal calcic plagioclase contents, thereby allowing the rapid depletion of this mineral via resorption by the melt phase during vitrification. Such appears to have been the case for analyzed Bow porcelain, which is therefore interpreted to have been overfired (sensu lato) relative to its Philadelphia counterpart. Conceivably, calcic plagioclase could be preserved in low-Al wares that were fired only briefly at vitrification temperatures. Given the role of firing history in governing the mineralogy of porcelain, compositional criteria are more reliable for distinguishing these wares. ᭧

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Analytical Studies of Porcelains: Correlation with the Holistic Information About the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Factories

Edwards

2020

18th and 19th Century Porcelain Analysis

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Nicholas Crisp's ?Porcellien?: A petrological comparison of sherds from the Vauxhall (London; ca. 1751-1764) and Indeo Pottery (Bovey Tracey, Devonshire; ca. 1767-1774) factory sites

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

From London to Liverpool: Evidence for a Limehouse–Reid porcelain connection based on the analysis of sherds from the Brownlow Hill (ca. 1755–1767) factory site

From London to Liverpool: Evidence for a Limehouse–Reid porcelain connection based on the analysis of sherds from the Brownlow Hill (ca. 1755–1767) factory site

Geochemical and mineralogical distinctions between Bonnin and Morris (Philadelphia, 1770–1772) porcelain and some contemporary British phosphatic wares

Analytical Studies of Porcelains: Correlation with the Holistic Information About the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Factories

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