NIAID workshop on secondary vaccine effects

Joffe, Aaron M.; Park, Eun-Chung; Augustine, Alison Deckhut; Jiang, Chao; PrabhuDas, Mercy; Vazquez-Maldonado, Nancy; Aaby, Péter; Alter, Galit; Divangahi, Maziar; Hotez, Peter J.; Khader, Shabaana A.; Netea, Mihai G.; Petri, William A.; Plotkin, Stanley А.; Thompson, Kimberly M.

doi:10.1038/s41590-021-01054-5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…With the emergence of COVID-19, speculations emerged about potential secondary vaccine effects (SVEs) 48 playing a role in fighting the pandemic, including some suggestions that OPV may offer secondary health benefits to protect against COVID-19 49 . Given the absence of specific, unbiased evidence of SVEs associated with poliovirus vaccines, however, health economic analyses for polio 27 , 50 and for COVID-19 49 did not include SVEs.…”

Section: Full Accounting For Gpei and Polio Financial Investmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polio health economics: assessing the benefits and costs of polio, non-polio, and integrated activities of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Thompson¹,

Kalkowska²,

Badizadegan³

2022

Gates Open Res

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Background: Investments made by countries and donors to support polio eradication and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) over the past 35 years provided financial support for significant health interventions beyond the prevention of polio. Prior economic analyses that sought to quantify the economic benefits of some interventions encountered insufficient data and evidence associated with non-polio-specific activities. The 2022-2026 GPEI Strategic Plan explicitly identified integration and gender equity as funded mandates that must move forward in parallel with polio eradication, but these goals remain vaguely defined from a health economic perspective. Methods: To ensure unambiguous and full accounting for all financial investments in the GPEI, polio eradication, and other desirable objectives, we identify the health economic analysis methods and inputs needed to ensure transparent financial accountability and cost-effective use of funds. Results: Sufficient inputs and methods exist to characterize the health and economic benefits of polio-specific activities, but we identified the need for additional information and method development for some non-polio-specific and cost-sharing activities. Donors who seek to support non-polio-specific objectives as part of the GPEI may want to provide dedicated support financing for which it may be difficult to apply typical health economic criteria and to expect net health and/or net economic benefits. Conclusions: Given the mixture of funding sources provided to the GPEI, which includes support by governments and private donors, we recommend that the GPEI separately account for financial needs that represent necessities for polio eradication from those used for other stated objectives. An added layer of specificity that identifies all funds according to each activity, the accountable party and/or parties, and the associated measurable health or other outcome(s), will enable improved health economic analyses and reporting to donors who seek to track returns on their investments.

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Section: Full Accounting For Gpei and Polio Financial Investmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polio health economics: assessing the benefits and costs of polio, non-polio, and integrated activities of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Thompson¹,

Kalkowska²,

Badizadegan³

2022

Gates Open Res

Self Cite

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“…Some early proponents of OPV cessation continue to suggest urgency (John, 2004; John & Dharmapalan, 2022), while others argue that OPV use should continue indefinitely and GPEI should abandon the objective of eradication of all poliovirus transmission (Chumakov et al., 2021, 2007). Recently, some studies supported continued use of OPV due to potential benefits of secondary vaccine effects (Aaby et al., 2004; Chumakov et al., 2020; Joffe et al., 2021), although other studies highlighted the uncertainty about these effects and any associated health–economic implications (Thompson & Badizadegan, 2022; Thompson et al., 2021a, 2021c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated global cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine use: Options and potential consequences

Kalkowska¹,

Wassilak

Wiesen

et al. 2023

Risk Analysis

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Due to the very low, but nonzero, paralysis risks associated with the use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), eradicating poliomyelitis requires ending all OPV use globally. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) coordinated cessation of Sabin type 2 OPV (OPV2 cessation) in 2016, except for emergency outbreak response. However, as of early 2023, plans for cessation of bivalent OPV (bOPV, containing types 1 and 3 OPV) remain undefined, and OPV2 use for outbreak response continues due to ongoing transmission of type 2 polioviruses and reported type 2 cases. Recent development and use of a genetically stabilized novel type 2 OPV (nOPV2) leads to additional potential vaccine options and increasing complexity in strategies for the polio endgame. Prior applications of integrated global risk, economic, and poliovirus transmission modeling consistent with GPEI strategic plans that preceded OPV2 cessation explored OPV cessation dynamics and the evaluation of options to support globally coordinated risk management efforts. The 2022–2026 GPEI strategic plan highlighted the need for early bOPV cessation planning. We review the published modeling and explore bOPV cessation immunization options as of 2022, assuming that the GPEI partners will not support restart of the use of any OPV type in routine immunization after a globally coordinated cessation of such use. We model the potential consequences of globally coordinating bOPV cessation in 2027, as anticipated in the 2022–2026 GPEI strategic plan. We do not find any options for bOPV cessation likely to succeed without a strategy of bOPV intensification to increase population immunity prior to cessation.

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Randomized clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines: Do adenovirus-vector vaccines have beneficial non-specific effects?

Benn¹,

Schaltz‐Buchholzer²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2023

iScience

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NIAID workshop on secondary vaccine effects

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Polio health economics: assessing the benefits and costs of polio, non-polio, and integrated activities of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Polio health economics: assessing the benefits and costs of polio, non-polio, and integrated activities of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Coordinated global cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine use: Options and potential consequences

Randomized clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines: Do adenovirus-vector vaccines have beneficial non-specific effects?

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