“…Several material systems, including high-melting metals (W, Ir, and Ru) [19][20][21], intermetallic phases [22] and ceramics (TiN, AlN, CrON, AlON, Cr 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 ) [23][24][25][26], were proposed to inhibit inter-diffusion of elements between the substrate and coating. Although most of the barrier candidates mentioned above are characterized by low effective diffusion coefficient of metal ions through them, the application of an intermediate layer results in the following problems: no adequate metallurgical bonding between the substrate and coating; poor thermo-mechanical compatibility with the superalloy; regression due to diffusion and phase transformation; and complicated manufacturing process.…”