Ni doping to enhance ferroelectric, energy-storage and dielectric properties of lead-free NBT ceramic thin film with low leakage current

Nickel-adsorbed two-dimensional Nb2C MXene for enhanced energy storage applications

“… 32 In comparison with other, Ni possessed high electrochemical behavior because of their better electronic conductivity and rich redox reactions and has been explored widely in different materials. 33 Moreover, the size of the ionic radii of niobium Nb 2+ (0.08 nm) is almost comparable to the ionic radii of nickel Ni 2+ (0.07 nm); thus, making nickel an appropriate candidate to be doped in Nb 2 C MXene. On the other hand, liquid electrolytes have been utilized extensively in supercapacitors and batteries.…”

Enhanced energy storage properties of epitaxial (Ba0.955Ca0.045)(Zr0.17Ti0.83)O3 ferroelectric thin films

“…Their high leakage current behavior is deleterious and further hinders their applications. Even though, various perovskite‐based solid solutions in thin film form might be useful for high energy storage capacitors, one difficulty with NBT‐, KNN‐, BIT‐, and BFO‐based solid solutions is that, making good‐quality films with low leakage current is still a big challenge 8‐11 . The large leakage current density in these materials leads to an increase in conductivity, which eventually hampers the visualization of saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops.…”

“…Extensive literature review reveals that the improvement in such properties can be achieved with suitable site engineering. Examples of solid solutions include but not limited to those mentioned here: BST, BCT, BZT, (Ba 1− x Sr x )(Ti 1− y Sn y )O 3 (BSTS), (1 − x )Ba(Ti 0.8 Zr 0.2 )O 3 − x (Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 [BZT‐BCT] 4‐8,12‐18 …”

“…Even though, various perovskite-based solid solutions in thin film form might be useful for high energy storage capacitors, one difficulty with NBT-, KNN-, BIT-, and BFO-based solid solutions is that, making good-quality films with low leakage current is still a big challenge. [8][9][10][11] The large leakage current density in these materials leads to an increase in conductivity, which eventually hampers the visualization of saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops. Perovskite BTO is a versatile material with unique properties and is environmental friendly and nontoxic and does not contain any volatile elements and is useful for multifunctional applications.…”

Achieved High Energy Density and Excellent Thermal Stability in (1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3-xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 Relaxor Ferroelectric Thin Films

“…3. As the frequency increases, the dielectric constant of each composition decreases, which stems from that the polarization cannot immediately keep up with the change in the electric field at high frequencies [32]. frequencies (< 10 5 Hz).…”