Ni-Cd carbon nanofibers as an effective catalyst for urea fuel cell

Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali; Haj, Yazan Al; Alajami, Mohannad; Alawadhi, Hussain; Barakat, Nasser A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.007

Cited by 72 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Besides high efficiency, fuel cells have several advantages such as silent, smaller in size compared to other energy conversion devices, low or no environmental impact [6], moreover, it can work on different fuels that can be obtained from renewable resources such as methanol [7], ethanol [8], formic acid [9], biogas [10,11], syngas [12], and biochar [13]. Moreover, FCs are also used for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation, such as in urea fuel cells [14] and microbial fuel cells [15,16]. Due to the extensive progress in renewable energy, conventional storage devices such as batteries can no longer meet these storage requirements, especially where grid connection is not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell as an effective energy storage in reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by photovoltaic system

Rezk

Sayed

Al‐Dhaifallah³

et al. 2019

Energy

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178

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A hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) comprises of photovoltaic (PV), and self-charging fuel cells (SCFC) is designed for securing electrical energy required to operate brackish water pumping (BWP) and reverse osmosis desalination (RO) plant of 150 m 3 d-1 for irrigation purposes in remote areas. An optimal configuration of the proposed design is determined based on minimum cost of energy (COE) and the minimum total net present cost (NPC). Moreover, a comparison with a stand-alone diesel generation (DG) or grid extension is carried out against the optimal configuration of PV/SCFC HRES. The modeling, simulation, and techno-economic evaluation of the different proposed systems, including the PV/SCFC system are done using HOMER software. Results show that PV array (66 kW), FC (9 kW), converter (25 KW)-Electrolyzer (15 kW), Hydrogen cylinder (70 kg) are the viable economic option with a total NPC of $115,649 and $0.062 unit cost of electricity. The COE for the standalone DG system is 0.206 $/kWh, which is 69.90 % higher than that of the PV/SCFC system. The PV/SCFC system is cheaper than grid extension. This study opens the way for using a fuel cell as an effective method for solving the energy intermittence/storage problems of renewable energy sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel cell as an effective energy storage in reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by photovoltaic system

Rezk

Sayed

Al‐Dhaifallah³

et al. 2019

Energy

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178

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“…Many valuable characteristics are detected during the application of urea in industrial fields, including its low cost, solid-state at room temperature, high chemical stability, nonflammability, nontoxicity and easy handling and transportation [1][2][3][4][5]. Human and animal urine contains urea as the main constituent [4,[6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discharging 75 kg of polluted urea wastewater results in the production of 0.75 kg of urea [6,9]. Urea in wastewater can be converted into toxic substances such as ammonia [2,6]. However, urea can act as hydrogen source material with high hydrogen content (10 wt%) [2,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Oxidation of Urea on NiCu Alloy Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Nanofibers

Abutaleb

2019

Catalysts

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Bimetallic Cu3.8Ni alloy nanoparticles (NPs)-anchored carbon nanofibers (composite NFs) were synthesized using a simple electrospinning machine. XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA were employed to examine the physiochemical characteristics of these composite NFs. The characterization techniques proved that Cu3.8Ni alloy NPs-anchored carbon NFs were successfully fabricated. Urea oxidation (UO) processes as a source of hydrogen and electrical energy were investigated using the fabricated composite NFs. The corresponding onset potential of UO and the oxidation current density (OCD) were measured via cyclic voltammetry as 380 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode and 98 mA/cm2, respectively. Kinetic study indicated that the electrochemical oxidation of urea followed the diffusion controlled process and the reaction order is 0.5 with respect to urea concentration. The diffusion coefficient of urea using the introduced electrocatalyst was found to be 6.04 × 10−3 cm2/s. Additionally, the composite NFs showed steady state stability for 900 s using chronoamperometry test.

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“…Transition metallic nanoparticles, especially transition metal oxides such as NiO, increase their surface area, enhance mass transport and present good biocompatibility. These metallic nanoparticles can be used to modify electrodes . Ni catalyst shows better urea oxidation activity in urea fuel cells than noble metals, such as Pt, Ir, Rh etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NiAl Layered Double Hydroxides and PdNiO as Multifunctional Anodes for Prospective Self‐Powered Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Dopamine Sensors

et al. 2018

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The purpose of this work is the evaluation of two bimetallic materials, PdNiO and NiAl-layered double hydroxides (NiAl-LDHs) for their prospective use in Lab-on-a-Chip devices, in which urea contained in human urine is used as fuel to provide the energy required by the device and dopamine in the sample is detected. A urea microfluidic fuel cell, using human urine as fuel and NiAl-LDHs and PdNiO as anodes, was constructed and evaluated, resulting in a cell potential of 1 V with 50.19 mW/cm 2 power density for NiAl-LDHs and 0.9 V and 32.94 mW/cm 2 for PdNiO. The multifunctionality of these anodes was extended for detecting dopamine with detection limits of 7.38 10 À8 M and 5.46 10 À6 M for NiAl-LDHs and PdNiO, respectively. The higher content of hydroxides on NiAl-LDHs than PdNiO material allowed a better activity for urea oxidation and dopamine detection. These results show the prospects for self-powered biomedical Lab-on-a-Chip device development.

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Ni-Cd carbon nanofibers as an effective catalyst for urea fuel cell

Cited by 72 publications

References 19 publications

Fuel cell as an effective energy storage in reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by photovoltaic system

Fuel cell as an effective energy storage in reverse osmosis desalination plant powered by photovoltaic system

Electrochemical Oxidation of Urea on NiCu Alloy Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Nanofibers

NiAl Layered Double Hydroxides and PdNiO as Multifunctional Anodes for Prospective Self‐Powered Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Dopamine Sensors

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