NHM-Chem, the Japan MeteorologicalAgency's regional meteorology – chemistry model (v1.0): model description and aerosol representations

Kajino, Mizuo; Deushi, Makoto; Sekiyama, Tsuyoshi Thomas; Oshima, Naga; Yumimoto, Keiya; Tanaka, Taichu Y.; Ching, Joseph; Hashimoto, Akihiro; Yamamoto, Tetsuya; Ikegami, Masaaki; Kamada, Akane; Miyashita, Makoto; Inomata, Yayoi; Shima, Susumu; Adachi, Kouji; Zaizen, Yuji; Igarashi, Yasuhito; Ueda, Hiromasa; Mäki, T.; Mikami, Masato

doi:10.5194/gmd-2018-128

Cited by 15 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…These models and their configurations are summarized in Table 1. This study used four different CTMs: the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system (Byun and Schere, 2006), developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); the nested air quality prediction model system (NAQPMS), developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Wang et al, 2001;Li et al, 2016;Ge et al, 2014); the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model coupled with chemistry transport model (NHM-Chem), developed by the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) in Japan (Kajino et al, 2018(Kajino et al, , 2019; and the global three-dimensional model of atmospheric chemistry driven by meteorological input from the Goddard Earth Observing System with chemistry (GEOS-Chem), developed at Harvard University (Bey et al, 2001). Basically, phase III was conducted with a unified domain and meteorological field as a "standard" setting based on experience in phases I and II.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A bulk yield scheme to treat six SOAs has been embedded in M11 (Li et al, 2011). The unique options for aerosol representations with five-category non-equilibrium, three-category non-equilibrium, and bulk equilibrium for research on climate, air pollution, and operational forecasts were available in M12, and details have been reported elsewhere (Kajino et al, 2018(Kajino et al, , 2019. The originally developed scheme for M13 in GEOS-Chem is available in the literature Pye et al, 2009).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia

Itahashi

Sato

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III was conducted to promote understanding of regional air quality and climate change in Asia, which have received growing attention due to the huge amount of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This study provides an overview of acid deposition. Specifically, dry and wet deposition of the following species was analyzed: S (sulfate aerosol, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)), N (nitrate aerosol, nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric acid (HNO3)), and A (ammonium aerosol and ammonia (NH3)). The wet deposition simulated by a total of nine models was analyzed and evaluated using ground observation data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). In the phase III study, the number of observation sites was increased from 37 in the phase II study to 54, and southeast Asian countries were newly added. Additionally, whereas the analysis period was limited to representative months of each season in MICS-Asia phase II, the phase III study analyzed the full year of 2010. The scope of this overview mainly focuses on the annual accumulated deposition. In general, models can capture the observed wet deposition over Asia but underestimate the wet deposition of S and A, and show large differences in the wet deposition of N. Furthermore, the ratio of wet deposition to the total deposition (the sum of dry and wet deposition) was investigated in order to understand the role of important processes in the total deposition. The general dominance of wet deposition over Asia and attributions from dry deposition over land were consistently found in all models. Then, total deposition maps over 13 countries participating in EANET were produced, and the balance between deposition and anthropogenic emissions was calculated. Excesses of deposition, rather than of anthropogenic emissions, were found over Japan, northern Asia, and southeast Asia, indicating the possibility of long-range transport within and outside of Asia, as well as other emission sources. To improve the ability of models to capture the observed wet deposition, two approaches were attempted, namely, ensemble and precipitation adjustment. The ensemble approach was effective at modulating the differences in performance among models, and the precipitation-adjusted approach demonstrated that the model performance for precipitation played a key role in better simulating wet deposition. Finally, the lessons learned from the phase III study and future perspectives for phase IV are summarized.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia

Itahashi

Sato

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…These results indicate that there would be large uncertainties in the modeling of seasonal variations in the gas-aerosol partitioning of NH 3 over the NCP region. The formation of NH + 4 mainly depends on the acid gas concentrations, temperature, water availability (Khoder, 2002) and the flux rates of NH 3 (Nemitz et al, 2001). Compared with spring and Figure 5.…”

Section: Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and uncertainty investigation of the NO<sub>2</sub>, CO and NH<sub>3</sub> modeling over China under the framework of MICS-Asia III

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Despite the significant progress in improving chemical transport models (CTMs), applications of these modeling endeavors are still subject to large and complex model uncertainty. The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia III (MICS-Asia III) has provided the opportunity to assess the capability and uncertainty of current CTMs in East Asian applications. In this study, we have evaluated the multi-model simulations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH3) over China under the framework of MICS-Asia III. A total of 13 modeling results, provided by several independent groups from different countries and regions, were used in this study. Most of these models used the same modeling domain with a horizontal resolution of 45 km and were driven by common emission inventories and meteorological inputs. New observations over the North China Plain (NCP) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions were also available in MICS-Asia III, allowing the model evaluations over highly industrialized regions. The evaluation results show that most models captured the monthly and spatial patterns of NO2 concentrations in the NCP region well, though NO2 levels were slightly underestimated. Relatively poor performance in NO2 simulations was found in the PRD region, with larger root-mean-square error and lower spatial correlation coefficients, which may be related to the coarse resolution or inappropriate spatial allocations of the emission inventories in the PRD region. All models significantly underpredicted CO concentrations in both the NCP and PRD regions, with annual mean concentrations that were 65.4 % and 61.4 % underestimated by the ensemble mean. Such large underestimations suggest that CO emissions might be underestimated in the current emission inventory. In contrast to the good skills for simulating the monthly variations in NO2 and CO concentrations, all models failed to reproduce the observed monthly variations in NH3 concentrations in the NCP region. Most models mismatched the observed peak in July and showed negative correlation coefficients with the observations, which may be closely related to the uncertainty in the monthly variations in NH3 emissions and the NH3 gas–aerosol partitioning. Finally, model intercomparisons have been conducted to quantify the impacts of model uncertainty on the simulations of these gases, which are shown to increase with the reactivity of species. Models contained more uncertainty in the NH3 simulations. This suggests that for some highly active and/or short-lived primary pollutants, like NH3, model uncertainty can also take a great part in the forecast uncertainty in addition to the emission uncertainty. Based on these results, some recommendations are made for future studies.

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“…The regional-scale Eulerian transport model NHM-Chem (Kajino, Deushi, et al, 2018;Kajino et al, 2019) has been used for simulations of the transport and deposition of radionuclides. NHM-Chem is a chemical transport model (CTM) coupled with a meteorological model, that is, the Japan Meteorological Agency's (JMA) Nonhydrostatic Model (NHM; Saito et al, 2007).…”

Section: Transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition and Dispersion of Radio‐Cesium Released Due to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Sensitivity to Meteorological Models and Physical Modules

et al. 2019

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To assess the uncertainty of meteorological simulations in the transport and deposition of radio‐Cs release associated with the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident in Japan, a multiple meteorological model and module ensemble analysis with a single chemical transport model (CTM) was conducted. Although several multimodel ensemble studies have previously been performed, the current type (i.e., one CTM with several meteorological fields) was applied for the first time and represents a useful way to evaluate the uncertainty of each component of CTM. The current analysis concluded that the underestimation of the deposition efficiency of CTM was the reason for the underestimation of simulated radio‐Cs deposition, whereas the simulated dispersion and precipitation and estimated source term were all reasonable: all of the simulations underestimated the deposition amount, whereas some underestimated but others overestimated the simulated precipitation and radio‐Cs concentrations. The CTM simulation performed using the meteorological ensemble mean field was successful in reducing variance, and they gave reasonable results. The simulated deposition using the meteorological ensemble was better than others because the ensemble mean enlarged the light precipitation areas and because the land contamination was mainly caused by light precipitation. The current ensemble study indicated that in‐cloud scavenging was the most dominant mechanism of radio‐Cs deposition, followed by dry deposition and fog deposition over the entire land area. In some deposition regions, fog deposition was dominant, exceeding 80%, depending on the simulations. The simulated concentrations and depositions varied by more than twofold, depending on the selection of the meteorological field.

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NHM-Chem, the Japan MeteorologicalAgency's regional meteorology – chemistry model (v1.0): model description and aerosol representations

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia

MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia

Evaluation and uncertainty investigation of the NO<sub>2</sub>, CO and NH<sub>3</sub> modeling over China under the framework of MICS-Asia III

Deposition and Dispersion of Radio‐Cesium Released Due to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Sensitivity to Meteorological Models and Physical Modules

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NHM-Chem, the Japan MeteorologicalAgency's regional meteorology – chemistry model (v1.0): model description and aerosol representations

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia

MICS-Asia III: overview of model intercomparison and evaluation of acid deposition over Asia

Evaluation and uncertainty investigation of the NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CO and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; modeling over China under the framework of MICS-Asia III

Deposition and Dispersion of Radio‐Cesium Released Due to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Sensitivity to Meteorological Models and Physical Modules

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Evaluation and uncertainty investigation of the NO<sub>2</sub>, CO and NH<sub>3</sub> modeling over China under the framework of MICS-Asia III