NHC‐Pd complex heterogenized on graphene oxide for cross‐coupling reactions and supercapacitor applications

Abstract

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-palladium(II) complex (GO@NHC-Pd) was synthesized on graphene oxide (GO) support via a simple and cost-effective multistep approach. The spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal, and surface analyses of GO@NHC-Pd confirmed the successful formation of the catalyst. The investigation of catalytic activity showed that GO@NHC-Pd was very effective in Suzuki-Miyaura as well as Hiyama cross-coupling. Being heterogeneous in nature, GO@NHC-Pd was recovered after each reaction cycle easily and reused for up to nine and six cycles in Suzuki-Miyaura and Hiyama cross-coupling, respectively, without significant loss of activity. Further exploration of the supercapacitor performance of GO@NHC-Pd catalyst assembled in a twoelectrode cell configuration shown a maximum attained capacitance of 105.26 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g with good cycling stability of 96.89% over 2,500 cycles.

A Sustainable Approach for Graphene Oxide‐supported Metal N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Catalysts

“…Similarly, the Kandathil and coworkers reported the GO supported 1‐(4‐Methybenzyl)‐1H benzimidazol‐2‐ylidine palladium(II) dichlorides ( 3@GO ) catalyst for the Suzuki‐Miyaura and Hiyama cross‐coupling reactions [38] . The 1‐(4‐Methybenzyl)‐1H benzimidazolium salt was anchored on GO through silane functionalized graphene oxide in toluene solvent (Scheme 8).…”

“…Similarly, the Kandathil and coworkers reported the GO supported 1-(4-Methybenzyl)-1H benzimidazol-2-ylidine palladium(II) dichlorides (3@GO) catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions. [38] The 1-(4-Methybenzyl)-1H benzimidazolium salt was anchored on GO through silane functionalized graphene oxide in toluene solvent (Scheme 8). Further, the 1-(4-Methybenzyl)-1H benzimidazolium salt@GO was reacted with Pd(OAc) 2 in the presence of sodium bicarbonate in DMF to yield 3@GO.…”

Pd/Co3O4–Pd/PdO formed in situ on the surface of the self-assembly ferrocenylimine Pd(ii)/Co(ii) monolayer for catalyzing the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction—formation, synergistic effect, and catalytic mechanism

“…The catalytic properties of GO@APTES-Fcl-Pd 0.1 Co 0.9 were also compared with those from the previous literature (Table S6, ESI †), [89][90][91][92][93] and some catalysts require relatively short catalytic time, but the required reaction conditions were relatively high or their TOF values were relatively low. However, the catalyst in this work showed higher activity (TOF = 11 353 h À1 ) and small metal loading.…”

Water-Dispersible Pd–N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst for Fluoride-Free Hiyama, Suzuki–Miyaura and Cyanation Reactions in Aqueous Media

“…The results of these two tests clearly demonstrated the true heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. On the basis of the reported mechanism in the literature [75][76][77] , a plausible mechanism for the catalytic cycle of Hiyama, Suzuki and cyanation reactions are proposed in Scheme 5.…”