NF-κB, the Importance of Being Dynamic: Role and Insights in Cancer

Abstract

In this review, we aim at describing the results obtained in the past years on dynamics features defining NF-κB regulatory functions, as we believe that these developments might have a transformative effect on the way in which NF-κB involvement in cancer is studied. We will also describe technical aspects of the studies performed in this context, including the use of different cellular models, culture conditions, microscopy approaches and quantification of the imaging data, balancing their strengths and limitations and pointing out to common features and to some open questions. Our emphasis in the methodology will allow a critical overview of literature and will show how these cutting-edge approaches can contribute to shed light on the involvement of NF-κB deregulation in tumour onset and progression. We hypothesize that this “dynamic point of view” can be fruitfully applied to untangle the complex relationship between NF-κB and cancer and to find new targets to restrain cancer growth.

Celastrol inhibits growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer cell MKN45 by down‐regulating microRNA‐21

“…Moreover, miR‐21 can affect cancer cell growth via regulating the PTEN/AKT and NF‐κB pathways (He et al, ; Ni et al, ; S. M. Yang et al, ). Furthermore, PTEN/PI3K/AKT and NF‐κB signaling pathways are often involved in gastric cancer (Baud & Karin, ; Colombo, Zambrano, & Agresti, ; He et al, ; Sha et al, ). PTEN is a tumor‐suppressing dual phosphatase that antagonizes the function of PI3K and negatively regulates AKT activity (Eto et al, ).…”

Structural and functional characterization of β2‐glycoprotein I domain 1 in anti‐melanoma cell migration

“…Consistent with the cell culture results, potent suppression of melanoma growth (77.5% inhibition) was observed in mice treated with recombinant D1 polypeptide. Cancer progression involves the regulation of many genes and different signaling pathways . Here, we also elucidated the possible β 2 ‐GPI‐mediated molecular mechanisms by western blot analysis.…”

“…Cancer progression involves the regulation of many genes and different signaling pathways. 31,32 Here, we also elucidated the possible β 2 -GPI-mediated molecular mechanisms by western blot analysis.…”

“…Here, we also elucidated the possible β 2 ‐GPI‐mediated molecular mechanisms by western blot analysis. Alterations of AKT, ERK1/2, p38, and NF‐κB activation are known in tumorigenesis . We thus expect that β 2 ‐GPI and D1 polypeptide may regulate these signaling pathways and consequently inhibit melanoma cell migration, cell proliferation, and tumor growth.…”

“…Alterations of AKT, ERK1/2, p38, and NF-κB activation are known in tumorigenesis. [31][32][33][34] We thus expect that β 2 -GPI and D1 polypeptide may regulate these signaling pathways and consequently inhibit melanoma cell migration, cell proliferation, and tumor growth.…”