NextGen surface trajectory-based operations: Contingency-hold clearances

Bakowski, Deborah L.; Hooey, Becky L.; Foyle, David C.; Wolter, Cynthia A.; Cheng, Lara W. S.

doi:10.1109/dasc.2013.6712664

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Using a 5point scale, where 1 = Rarely and 5 = Most of the Time, participants were asked, 'How often did you find yourself focusing on the PFD speed tape when you have preferred to have been paying to the external taxiway environment?' As reported previously by Bakowski et al (2011), their results showed a significant effect of speed conformance condition, F(2, 34)=69.19, p<.001. Participants reported they focused on the speed tape more in the defined speed conformance condition than they would have preferred.…”

Section: Questionnaire Datasupporting

confidence: 82%

“…at specific times; however, this is only one STBO concept, and there are other approaches. If the pilot is unable to comply with the STBO command, or if other traffic is unable to comply thus creating a reduction in aircraft separation or to meet the needs of the dynamic airport surface (e.g., runway crossings), then the aircraft's speed may need to be adjusted in order to account for these events (Bakowski, Foyle, Hooey, Kunkle, & Jordan, 2011;Foyle et al, 2011). Research is being done to support the effort of ATC STM algorithms to ensure resulting STM systems do not exceed pilot and aircraft performance capabilities (i.e., to ensure pilots are not required to accept a time-based taxi clearance that cannot be safely executed) (e.g., Bakowski et al, 2011;Foyle et al, 2011).…”

Section: Surface Traffic Management Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact on the flight deck and surface operations was crucial in the previous research. Previous research examined speed/time information and commanded speed without speed conformance (e.g., Williams, Hooey, & Foyle, 2006;Bakowski et al, 2011).…”

Section: Surface Traffic Management Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye-Tracking Analysis of Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen) Taxiing and Departure Concepts

Kunkle

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Eye-Tracking Analysis of Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Taxiing and Departure Concepts by Christina L. Kunkle The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is comprised of concepts and technology that will help change the national airspace system. In the current experiment, we analyzed eye-tracking in a NextGen experiment that examined a concept of taxi-out operations that are commonly referred to as surface trajectory-based operation (STBO). This study was built on previous research investigating taxiing from the gate to the runway based on speed and time commands to include speed-based taxiing with bounds. Commercial airline pilots, both current and recently retired, participated in this study at the Human-Centered Systems Lab at NASA Ames Research Center. This study showed that pilots viewed the primary flight display more than when taxiing in the defined condition than the undefined condition. This resulted in more head down time on the primary flight display. Future studies should examine different STBO concepts that prevent more head down time while keeping safety a priority.

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Section: Questionnaire Datasupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Surface Traffic Management Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye-Tracking Analysis of Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen) Taxiing and Departure Concepts

Kunkle

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“…However, inefficient movement may still occur as there are still many degrees of freedom for the movement between two control points (Chen et al, 2016a;Cheng and Sweriduk, 2009). A possible solution is to further plan detailed speed profiles between control points (Bakowski et al, 2013;Cheng and Sweriduk, 2009;Cheng et al, 2008). This leads to a full 4DT with which the expected position of the aircraft at any time during taxiing can be determined.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to a full 4DT with which the expected position of the aircraft at any time during taxiing can be determined. In Bakowski et al (2013), Cheng and Sweriduk (2009) and Cheng et al (2008), the taxi route for each aircraft is determined using dynamic programming. The required times of arrival at control points are then determined to avoid conflicts between aircraft.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An online speed profile generation approach for efficient airport ground movement

Zhang

Ding

Zuo

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

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The precise guidance and control of taxiing aircraft based on four-dimensional trajectories (4DTs) has been recognised as a promising means to ensure safe and efficient airport ground movement in the context of ever growing air traffic demand. In this paper, a systematic approach for online speed profile generation is proposed. The aim is to generate fuel-efficient speed profiles respecting the timing constraints imposed by routing and scheduling, which ensures conflict-free movement of aircraft in the planning stage. The problem is first formulated as a nonlinear optimisation model, which uses a more flexible edge-based speed profile definition. A decomposed solution approach (following the framework of matheuristic) is then proposed to generate feasible speed profiles in real time. The decomposed solution approach reduces the nonlinear optimisation model into three tractable constituent problems. The control point arrival time allocation problem is solved using linear programming. The control point speed allocation problem is solved using particle swarm optimisation. And the complete speed profile between control points is determined using enumeration. Finally, improved speed profiles are generated through further optimisation upon the feasible speed profiles. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach are validated using datasets of real-world airports.

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Toward a More Realistic, Cost-Effective, and Greener Ground Movement Through Active Routing—Part I: Optimal Speed Profile Generation

Chen

Weiszer

Stewart

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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Among all airport operations, aircraft ground movement plays a key role in improving overall airport capacity as it links other airport operations. Moreover, ever-increasing air traffic, rising costs, and tighter environmental targets create pressure to minimize fuel burn on the ground. However, current routing functions envisioned in Advanced Surface Movement, Guidance and Control Systems almost exclusively consider the most timeefficient solution and apply a conservative separation to ensure conflict-free surface movement, sometimes with additional buffer times to absorb small deviations from the taxi times. Such an overly constrained routing approach may result in either a too tight planning for some aircraft so that fuel efficiency is compromised due to multiple acceleration phases, or performance could be further improved by reducing the separation and buffer times. In light of this, Parts I and II of this paper present a new Active Routing (AR) framework with the aim of providing a more realistic, cost-effective, and environmental friendly surface movement, targeting some of the busiest international hub airports. Part I of this paper focuses on optimal speed profile generation using a physics-based aircraft movement model. Two approaches based, respectively, on the Base of Aircraft Data and the International Civil Aviation Organization engine emissions database have been employed to model fuel consumption. These models are then embedded within a multiobjective optimization framework to capture the essence of different speed profiles in a Pareto optimal sense. The proposed approach represents the first attempt to systematically address speed profiles with competing objectives. Results reveal an apparent tradeoff between fuel burn and taxi times irrespective of fuel consumption modeling approaches. This will have a profound impact on the routing and scheduling and open the door for the new concept of AR discussed in Part II of this paper.

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NextGen surface trajectory-based operations: Contingency-hold clearances

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Eye-Tracking Analysis of Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen) Taxiing and Departure Concepts

Eye-Tracking Analysis of Next Generation Air Transportation (NextGen) Taxiing and Departure Concepts

An online speed profile generation approach for efficient airport ground movement

Toward a More Realistic, Cost-Effective, and Greener Ground Movement Through Active Routing—Part I: Optimal Speed Profile Generation

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