Next-generation Wireless Solutions for the Smart Factory, Smart Vehicles, the Smart Grid and Smart Cities

Abstract

5G wireless systems will extend mobile communication services beyond mobile telephony, mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communication into new application domains, namely the so-called vertical domains including the smart factory, smart vehicles, smart grid, smart city, etc. Supporting these vertical domains comes with demanding requirements: high-availability, high-reliability, low-latency, and in some cases, high-accuracy positioning. In this survey, we first identify the potential key performance requirements of 5G communication in support of automation in the vertical domains and highlight the 5G enabling technologies conceived for meeting these requirements. We then discuss the key challenges faced both by industry and academia which have to be addressed in order to support automation in the vertical domains. We also provide a survey of the related research dedicated to automation in the vertical domains. Finally, our vision of 6G wireless systems is discussed briefly.

A Survey on XAI for Beyond 5G Security: Technical Aspects, Use Cases, Challenges and Research Directions

“…Following the success of 5G, 6G/B5G is becoming the focal point of academia and industry with research and implementations. 5G has addressed much of the prevalent problems [39] with high data rate enhanced mobile broadband systems (eMBB) and leaped on with new functionalities such as laying the foundation for enabling the Internet of Things (IoT). However, new IoT services are developed rapidly in applications such as virtual, augmented, mixed reality services (which fall under XR services), autonomous vehicle systems, brain-computer interfaces (BCI), telemedicine, haptic systems and blockchain-based systems [4].…”

Industrial Digital Twins at the Nexus of NextG Wireless Networks and Computational Intelligence: A Survey

“…Therefore, new emerging ML approaches need to be explored for meeting the EDT requirements of low computation and better control on insights, while ensuring security and communication needs (see Table III). For example, for anomalies detection in collaborative machines and safety precautions in factories, visual perception sensors like industry-grade video cameras are installed, which continually produce a time-series visual data [98]. A separate powerful class of artificial neural networks (ANN), called convolution neural networks (CNN), has extensive usage in computer vision (CV) and perform better, especially on a cameras-originated perceptual data class that has an inherent property of local relationships among spatial dimensions inside images [92], [117].…”

“…In particular, key industry bodies from the manufacturing sector, which are the market representative to 3GPP, like 5G automotive association (5GAA), 5G alliance for connected industries and automation (5G-ACIA), and the critical communication association (TCCA) proffer regular inputs to the 3GPP. The main objective is to break historic silos between industrial and wireless communities in designing the beyond 5G networks according to the industrial needs [98]. Many industries have opted for 5G for OT connectivity to achieve secure and safe manufacturing, productivity and efficiency [134].…”

Millimeter-Wave Smart Antenna Solutions for URLLC in Industry 4.0 and Beyond

“…Primarily, the industrial wireless communication infrastructure is based on sub-6 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands, such as 2.4 and 5 GHz [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. However, under the ambit of Industry 4.0 and beyond, factory automation and smart manufacturing applications require high throughput, ultrahigh reliability with a packet error rate of up to 10 –9 , low latency of below millisecond level, and agility [ 34 ]. This requirement can be linked with one of the use cases of fifth-generation (5G) mobile technology, i.e., ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), as shown in Figure 1 .…”