Next-Generation Water Treatment: Exploring the Potential of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites in Adsorption and Membrane Filtration

Abstract

This review article focuses on the potential of biopolymer-based nanocomposites incorporating nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nanoclays in adsorption and membrane filtration processes for water treatment. The aim is to explore the effectiveness of these innovative materials in addressing water scarcity and contamination issues. The review highlights the exceptional adsorption capacities and improved membrane performance offered by chitosan, GO, and CNTs, which make them effective in removing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants from water. It also emphasizes the high surface area and ion exchange capacity of nanoclays, enabling the removal of heavy metals, organic contaminants, and dyes. Integrating magnetic (Fe2O4) adsorbents and membrane filtration technologies is highlighted to enhance adsorption and separation efficiency. The limitations and challenges associated are also discussed. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaboration with industry stakeholders in advancing biopolymer-based nanocomposites for sustainable and comprehensive water treatment solutions.

Toxicity of Metal Oxides, Dyes, and Dissolved Organic Matter in Water: Implications for the Environment and Human Health

“…The review’s unique emphasis on showcasing the toxicity aspects enhances the practical usability of the reported findings, rendering them more accessible for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners alike. Moreover, the call for targeted research and the development of innovative water treatment technologies addresses crucial research gaps, paving the way for more effective and sustainable solutions [ 46 ]. The integration of these vital components lays the groundwork for making informed decisions in the fields of both environmental and public health.…”

“…The interplay of these pollutants in irrigation water may trigger intricate reactions, influencing the overall soil environment. Understanding the implications of metal oxides, dyes, and dissolved organic matter in water is crucial for comprehending the complex interplay between contaminants and their effects on the environment and human health [ 46 , 47 ]. This review aims to explore the current knowledge regarding these pollutants’ sources, distribution, and toxicological impacts, shedding light on the potential risks they pose to aquatic ecosystems and human health.…”

Biopolymeric Nanocomposites for Wastewater Remediation: An Overview on Recent Progress and Challenges

“…As a result, these materials can be disposed of at the end of their useful lives without endangering the environment. Biopolymeric nanocomposites use inorganic nanoparticles as nanofillers distributed in an organic biopolymer matrix to combine the advantages of both [ 33 ]. Nanofillers are classified as zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) nanofillers depending on their dimensions in the nanoscale region.…”

Harnessing Natural Aquifer Filtration for Large-Scale Water Purification: Opportunities and Challenges

“…Aquifers play a crucial role in the implementation of the approach known as integrated water resource management (IWRM), which attempts to achieve an optimal balance between the social, economic, and ecological demands associated with water utilization [23]. The responsible administration of aquifers demands a comprehensive comprehension of their recharge rates, withdrawal crossings, and the ramifications of extractions on adjacent ecosystems.…”