Next-Generation Sequencing of Two Mitochondrial Genomes from Family Pompilidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) Reveal Novel Patterns of Gene Arrangement

Abstract

Animal mitochondrial genomes have provided large and diverse datasets for evolutionary studies. Here, the first two representative mitochondrial genomes from the family Pompilidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) were determined using next-generation sequencing. The sequenced region of these two mitochondrial genomes from the species Auplopus sp. and Agenioideus sp. was 16,746 bp long with an A + T content of 83.12% and 16,596 bp long with an A + T content of 78.64%, respectively. In both species, all of the 37 typical mitochondrial genes were determined. The secondary structure of tRNA genes and rRNA genes were predicted and compared with those of other insects. Atypical trnS1 using abnormal anticodons TCT and lacking D-stem pairings was identified. There were 49 helices belonging to six domains in rrnL and 30 helices belonging to three domains in rrns present. Compared with the ancestral organization, four and two tRNA genes were rearranged in mitochondrial genomes of Auplopus and Agenioideus, respectively. In both species, trnM was shuffled upstream of the trnI-trnQ-trnM cluster, and trnA was translocated from the cluster trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF to the region between nad1 and trnL1, which is novel to the Vespoidea. In Auplopus, the tRNA cluster trnW-trnC-trnY was shuffled to trnW-trnY-trnC. Phylogenetic analysis within Vespoidea revealed that Pompilidae and Mutillidae formed a sister lineage, and then sistered Formicidae. The genomes presented in this study have enriched the knowledge base of molecular markers, which is valuable in respect to studies about the gene rearrangement mechanism, genomic evolutionary processes and phylogeny of Hymenoptera.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two sibling species of camellia weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and patterns of Curculionini speciation

“…chinensis and the Curculio sp. were biased in nucleotide composition ((A + T)% > (G + C)%) across the whole genome, although the numbers of PCGs (n = 13) and rRNA genes (n = 22) were consistent with the genomes from other insects 5,24 . The A + T content of the whole genome was 76.61% for C .…”

“…It is impractical to identify camellia weevils by rearing larvae to adults because the larvae are long-lived and difficult to rear when removed from the seed 1,2 . Molecular identification has proven to be reliable and more effective 5 .…”

“…The increasing availability of mitochondrial genomes, combined with next-generation sequencing technologies 31–33 , have enabled detailed comparative phylogenetic analyses of many species complexes 34,35 and the major taxonomic groups of several insect orders have undergone diagnostic revisions 5,22,26,28,36 . In this study, we obtained the complete mitochondrial genomes from C .…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of Orancistrocerus aterrimus aterrimus and comparative analysis in the family Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)

“…In addition, the translocation of trnY in Parapolybia crocea occurs, trnQ , trnM and trnY genes are lost in Polistes humilis mitogenome, and in Polistes jokahamae mitogenome, not only trnD is in the upstream of trnK but also trnI , trnQ and trnY are missing (Figure 2 ) ( Cameron et al 2008 ; Song et al 2016 ; Peng et al 2017 ). In the subfamily Vespinae , except for the incomplete mitogenomes of Vespula germanica and Vespa bicolor , there is the same rearrangements in other four reported species, such as the translocation of trnY , the translocation between trnQ and trnM genes, between trnS1 and trnE genes, and between nad1 and trnL2 (CUN) genes, respectively and Dolichovespula panda is different from other four species: the translocation between trnS1 and trnE genes in exchange for shuffling of trnN and trnE (Figure 2 ) ( Chen et al 2016 ; Fan et al 2017 ; Kim et al 2017a ; Kim et al 2017b ; Nizar et al 2017 ). In general, the rearrangement frequency in Eumeninae is lower than those of both Vespinae and Polistinae .…”

“…In general, the rearrangement frequency in Eumeninae is lower than those of both Vespinae and Polistinae . The rearrangement of tRNAs is a typical event in the mitogenomes of Hymenoptera ( Dowton and Austin 1999 ; Dowton et al 2009 ; Chen et al 2016 ).…”