Next-generation sequencing identifies HOXA6 as a novel oncogenic gene in low grade glioma

Abstract

Background: Low grade glioma is one of the most common lethal cancers in the human nervous system. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that homeobox A cluster (HOXA) gene family plays a critical role in the transcriptional regulation as well as cancer initiation and progression. However, the expression, biological functions and upstream regulatory mechanism of 11 HOXAs in low grade glioma are not yet clear. Methods: In this study, we utilized various public databases and bioinformatics analyzed, including TCGA, CGGA, Rembrandt, HPA, LinkedOmics, cBioPortal, TISDIB, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), TIMER, LnCeVar, LASSO regression, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier plot, and receiver operating, characteristic (ROC) analyses, GDSC and CTRP databases to analyzed the mRNA and protein expression profiles, gene mutation, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, signaling pathway, TMB, immune subtype, immune cell infiltration, immune modulator, ceRNA network and drug sensitivity of 11 HOXAs. Growth curve and transwell assays were utilized to study the biological characteristics of HOXA6 in LGG progression. Results: In the present study, we found that 11 HOXAs (HOXA1, HOXA2, HOXA3, HOXA4, HOXA5, HOXA6, HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXA10, HOXA11 and HOXA3) were consistently up-regulated in LGG tissues and GBM tissues. Up-regulated of the HOXAs expression were significantly correlated with higher tumor stage, IDH mutation status, 1p/19q co-deletion, histological type and primary therapy outcome. Survival analyses showed that higher expression of HOXA1, HOXA2, HOXA3, HOXA4, HOXA5, HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXA10, HOXA11 and HOXA13 were correlated with shorter overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in LGG patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HOXA1, HOXA6 expression and tumor grade, age, primary therapy outcome and age were independent factors affecting the prognosis of LGG patients. ROC curve analysis of HOXAs showed that HOXAs had a high accuracy (AUC > 0.80) in predicting LGG. Furthermore, gene functional enrichment analysis indicated that HOXAs mainly involved in the inflammatory response and immune regulation signaling pathway. CNV and DNA methylation significantly affect the expression of HOXAs. Finally, we uncover that HOXAs expression are highly correlated with immune cells infiltrate, immune modulator and drug sensitivity. We also uncover that the HOXAs related ceRNA network in LGG. More importantly, we found that HOXA6 was highly expressed in LGG cells lines and significantly affected their proliferation and migration abilities. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data demonstrated that HOXA was correlated with progression and immune infiltration, and could serve as a prognostic biomarker for LGG.

A novel combinatorial approach using sulforaphane- and withaferin A-rich extracts for prevention of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer through epigenetic and gut microbial mechanisms

“…The expression of NTN4 is downregulated in BC, whereas NTN4 overexpression inhibits migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells 31 . Conversely, the oncogene HOXA 6 has been reported to aggravate cancer metastasis 32 , 33 . Overexpression of Class II a HDAC 9 promotes cell proliferation and therapeutic resistance against HDAC inhibitors in BC 34 .…”

Homeobox A7 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2‐mediated tumor‐associated macrophage recruitment

“…Previous studies have reported that HOXA7 was overexpressed in numerous human malignancies, including glioma, 19 leukemia, 13 ovarian cancer, 20 and hepatocellular cancer. 10 According to gene expression profiles through TCGA, we found that HOXA7 was overexpressed in breast carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and thymoma (Figure 2A ).…”

MRPS23 is a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes glioma progression

“…Moreover, MRPS23 expression was negatively correlated to DNA methylation in BLCA, BRCA, PRAD, CHOL, HNSC, LUAD, THCA, READ, and LIHC. TMB and MSI are a biomarker for cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors [ 16 , 17 ]. It has been reported that MRPS23 could inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway in OS cell [ 18 ].…”