This paper comprehensively examines the evolution and current state of data harmonization methodologies, a critical process in integrating diverse data sources into a coherent and analyzable ensemble. In the age of big data, the ability to amalgamate data from disparate sources, each with unique types, structures, and semantics, has become increasingly vital. Through an in-depth exploration and comparative analysis, we chart the transition from traditional, labor-intensive manual and semi-automated processes to sophisticated, automated systems enabled by recent advances in computing technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and data science. We highlight the significant advancements achieved in the field, as well as the persisting challenges that necessitate further innovation and adaptation. The paper showcases various case studies to illustrate the evolving landscape of data harmonization, advocating for a hybrid approach that combines the meticulousness of traditional methods with the agility of advanced techniques. This integrated approach aims to address the complexities of data harmonization in an increasingly data-driven world. By highlighting the critical role of technological advancements and proposing a balanced pathway forward, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving data integration practices, ultimately facilitating more informed decision-making and research across various domains