Next Generation Crowdsourcing for Collective Intelligence

Abstract

New techniques leveraging IT-mediated crowds such as Crowdsensing, Situated Crowdsourcing, Spatial Crowdsourcing, and Wearables Crowdsourcing have now materially emerged. These techniques, here termed next generation Crowdsourcing, serve to extend Crowdsourcing efforts beyond the heretofore dominant desktop computing paradigm. Employing new configurations of hardware, software, and people, these techniques represent new forms of organization for IT-mediated crowds (Prpić et al 2015; 2015b, 2015c, 2015d, Prpić & Shukla 2013; 2014; 2016). However, it is not known how these new techniques change the processes and outcomes of IT-mediated crowds for Collective Intelligence purposes? The aim of this exploratory work is to begin to answer this question. The work ensues by outlining the relevant findings of the first generation Crowdsourcing paradigm, before reviewing the emerging literature pertaining to the new generation of Crowdsourcing techniques. Premised on this review, a collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive typology is formed, organizing the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques along two salient dimensions common to all first generation Crowdsourcing techniques. As a result, this work situates the next generation Crowdsourcing techniques within the extant Crowdsourcing literature, and identifies new research avenues stemming directly from the analysis.Prpić, J. (2016). Next Generation Crowdsourcing for Collective Intelligence. Collective Intelligence Conference, 2016. Stern School of Business, NYU.

The Fundamentals of Policy Crowdsourcing

“…Prpić, Taeihagh, and Melton () compared the three types of crowdsourcing discussed above across three universal dimensions—cost to implement, anonymity of individuals in the crowd, and scale of the crowd—using three‐point estimates for each characteristic where possible. Here, we build upon that work by extending the comparison to include four additional common characteristics to illustrate the stable and relative differences between the various forms of crowdsourcing more comprehensively.…”

Business models innovation based on crowds: a comparative study

“…Crowdsourcing is continuously evolving and a variety of its forms are emerging [Prpić 2016;Prpić and Shukla, 2016]. It can be carried out in two ways: by "proprietary crowds" that organizations foster through their own in-house platforms or by using "third-party crowdsourcing platforms" that provide the required IT infrastructure and "built-in crowds" as a paid service.…”

“…This pertains to broadcast search, crowd motivations, or crowd definitions [Amrollahi, 2015;Waldner and Poetz, 2015;Li, 2016;Massa et al, 2017] and types of platforms and generations. Each of them have different roles and characteristics [Estellés-Arolas and González-Ladrón-De-Guevara, 2012;Prpić et al, 2015;Prpić, 2016]. Also, we have other markets, including product ones, where heterogeneous firms function.…”

Challenges and Opportunities of Crowdsourcing and Participatory Planning in Developing Infrastructure Systems of Smart Cities

“…The term 'Crowdsourcing' first mentioned by Howe [12], also known as 'First Generation Crowdsourcing,' is essentially inviting the crowd to generate ideas, to complete pre-defined tasks and to propose solutions. Prpic [13] discusses crowdsensing, situated crowdsourcing, spatial crowdsourcing and wearables crowdsourcing as the representation of a paradigm shift in data collection and decision-making and calls it 'Next Generation Crowdsourcing.' It means that it is not necessary for citizens to actively participate in data collection.…”