Newtonian Heating on Casson Mixed Convection Transport by Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids over Vertical Stretching Sheet: Numerical Study

Abstract

Numerous physical characteristics occurring from the structure and micro-motions of fluid nanoparticles can be examined using the governing models of nanofluids. Also, It can describe the demeanor of a vast field of actual fluids. This achieved a significant turn in the enhancement of heat transfer that improves manufacturing and engineering modernization. Depending on that, the assumptions that form our aims are numerically examining energy transport and heat transfer via Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids that contain the states of combined convection flow over a vertical stretching sheet. Also, Newtonian heating boundary conditions and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effects are investigated. Mathematical models (governing equations) that emulate and construct the conduct of these boosted ternary hybrid nanofluids are formed by developing the Tiwari and Das models. These governing equations are converted to partial differential equations (PDEs) employing appropriate substitutions. An accurate and efficient method called the Keller box numerical method is executed to get outcomes to the physical model. These numerical calculations are found and presented by employing MATLAB codes, to acquire tables of numerical outcomes, and graphic exhibits, which provide the impacts of important parameters on the physical quantities supporting heat transfer. Furthermore, the new results, in the Newtonian fluid case, were compared with prior literature, which were in excellent agreement. The studied problem parameters are examined at a Casson parameter domain of 1 to 5, a mixed convection parameter domain of -1 to 3, a conjugate parameter of 0.2 to 1, a magnetic parameter domain of 0.1 to 5, and a nanoparticle volume fraction parameter of 0.001 to 0.008. The numerical consequences deduced that the local skin friction rises when the conjugate and mixed convection parameters are increased. But the opposite case happens when the effects are obtained for the nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic, and Casson parameters. Also, the Nusselt number rises with growing nanoparticle volume fraction and Casson parameters.