Newton’s cradle and Astro-Blaster: toy hybridization for studying chain collisions

Abstract

We present a multiple-collisions apparatus, based on low-cost and easy-to-find materials, which offers the opportunity to plan and to conduct a sequence of experimental activities aimed to study in a very simple way the energy transfer in multiple collisions. Our apparatus is based on the use of everyday life’s objects like toys, which allow stimulating students’ interest by creating a familiar learning context. Two significant experiments on multiple collisions are described and the analyses of the corresponding experimental results are discussed. The first experiment makes it possible to analyze the kinetic energy transfer along a chain of adjacent balls. The second experiment offers the opportunity to give an analogic conceptual illustration of the bounce of a supernova core after the gravitational collapse. Each experiment is pedagogically introduced by asking students to answer a appropriate stimulus questions, which were identified by instructors in a preliminary brainstorm session with students. Last, a theoretical model is given for kinetic energy transfer along a chain of balls and the experimental results are compared with the model predictions.

The dynamics of Lato Lato ball collisions

“…The collision in the Lato Lato game involves two moving hanging balls. It is different from the collision that happens in Newton's cradle when a moving hanging ball hits another unmoving hanging [5][6][7] or in billiard ball games when one ball with a specific velocity hits another unmoving ball on the billiard board [8][9][10]. Therefore, this work will enrich the discussion regarding the collision of two objects, complementing the work reported by other authors [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…When the two balls meet at the initial position, they collide once again (figure 2.6). Conservation of momentum states that the sum of the momentum of the two objects before and after the collision is the same [3,5,6], as stated by…”