News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program: A Response to Entman

Drought and declining reservoirs: Comparing media discourse in Arizona and New Mexico, 2002–2004

“…The academic literature on framing is large and diverse, and prone to disputes about the theoretical status of the concept of ''framing'' as well as the proper approach to conducting studies informed by this concept (Entman, 1993;D'Angelo, 2002). Building on recent work which connects framing processes to wider discursive structures (Ferree et al, 2002), we have shown in this paper how the concept of framing can be useful when clearly situated within discursive contexts.…”

Public perceptions of bioenergy and land use change: Comparing narrative frames of agriculture and forestry

“…Framing research has evolved over the past 40 years from its multidisciplinary roots in sociology, psychology, behavioral economics, and linguistics across a broadly applied conceptual territory [27]. As a multiparadigmatic research program [28], framing often relies on a sociologically oriented interactionist perspective, visa-vis Goffman [29], and has been somewhat loosely defined as "information that conveys differing perspectives on some event or issue" [27, p. 7].…”

“…Frames lead a sort of "double life" as both internal mental structures or schema and linguistic devices embedded in public and political discourse [28]. The framing process can be thought of as a dynamic, iterative textual-to-psychological loop where the outcomes of certain communication processes serve as inputs for subsequent processes [34].…”

Framing Falun Gong: Xinhua news agency's coverage of the new religious movement in China

“…Scholars, such as Reese, Gandy, and Grant (2001), point out that news frames refer to narrative devices and structures that are used repeatedly over time to tell news stories. Because of their persistence, news frames affect how audiences understand issues by presenting a narrow range within which audiences think about certain phenomena (D'Angelo, 2002). While many may regard news framing primarily as a paradigm utilizing quantitative content analysis, Paul D' Angelo (2002) argues that news framing constitutes a multiparadigmatic research program, accommodating a wide range of theories, methods, and techniques in analyzing the construction, dissemination, and effects of news frames.…”