News About the Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functions, Therapy and Protection from COVID-19

Abstract

This is a Commentary of a review about extracellular vesicles of immune cells published two years ago in Clinical and Experimental Immunology, a prestigious journal of the field. The aim is to establish whether, and to what extent, results in scientific area of the review have been extended and strengthened by innovative findings of considerable interest. The analysis of the recently published results has revealed that in various areas of the review developments have occurred. However, innovative findings have been only about the extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stem cells, usually indicated as MSC-EVs. Based on these findings, the Commentary has been focused on recent MSC-EVs findings presented in three Sections dealing with 1. recently appeared, relevant functions of the latter vesicles; 2. therapeutic processes developed according well known criteria, however innovative in many respects; and 3. protection of COVID-19 disease patients from organ lesions induced by the specific virus, SARS-CoV-2, during the disease. As everybody knows, the COVID-19 pandemic started at the end of 2019, thus after the publication of the aforementioned review. Data of Section 3 are therefore innovative, of great potential interest also at the clinical level, applied by translational medicine to various organs, from lung to brain, heart, kidney, immune and other cells. In view of its relevance, the author expects that research and medical use of MSC-EV, active at present, will be further developed, acquiring additional relevance in the near future.

Canine Coronavirus Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

“…However, there are yet limited studies for CoVs, including for previous HCoVs, animal CoVs, and recent SARS-CoV-2. In addition, exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), recovered COVID-19 patients, or post-COVID-19 vaccinations have been shown to confer proinflammatory effects in critical COVID-19 patients [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of CCoV infection on EV biogenesis, composition, and protein trafficking in the CRFK animal model.…”