Newly recorded unarmored dinoflagellates in the family Kareniaceae (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in brackish and coastal waters of Korea

Cho, Minji; Choi, Hojoon; Nam, Seung Won; Kim, Sun-Ju

doi:10.11626/kjeb.2021.39.2.236

Cited by 2 publications

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“…To date, K. mikimotoi has been recognized as the most harmful bloom-forming Karenia species in Korean coastal waters. Karenia papilionacea was first recorded in Yongho Bay on the southeast coast of Korea in July 2018 [ 24 ]. Recently, the neurotoxic brevetoxin (i.e., the ladder frame polyester brevetoxin-2, PbTx-2) was detected in K. papilionacea , which is also present in the neurotoxic K. brevis [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Quantitative PCR to Investigate the Distribution and Dynamics of Two Morphologically Similar Species, Karenia mikimotoi and K. papilionacea (Dinophyceae) in Korean Coastal Waters

Kim

Cho

Yoo

et al. 2023

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Species of the marine dinoflagellate genus Karenia are known to produce various potent biotoxins and can form noxious blooms that cause mass mortalities of fish and shellfish. To date, harmful blooms of the species K. mikimotoi have been reported in Korea, but K. papilionacea was recently recorded off the southern coast of Korea. Here, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay with specific primer pairs for the accurate detection and quantification of these two similar-looking unarmored species, K. mikimotoi and K. papilionacea, and investigated their distribution and dynamics in Korean coastal waters. Overall, K. papilionacea had not only a wider distribution, but also higher cell abundances (15–2553 cells L−1) than K. mikimotoi (3–122 cells L−1) in surface waters. Of 18 sampling sites, the two Karenia species were found to coexist at two sites. During monitoring at a fixed station (S5), K. papilionacea was generally predominant over K. mikimotoi; however, the two species exhibited similar dynamics and occasionally co-occurred. Both Karenia species showed similar physiological responses to temperature and salinity, requiring similar conditions for optimum growth. These results suggest that blooms of the two species may co-occur and induce a synergistic adverse effect on marine environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%