Newly recognized Pleistocene human teeth from Tabun Cave, Israel

Coppa, Alfredo; Grün, Rainer; Stringer, Chris; Eggins, Stephen; Vargiu, Rita

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.04.005

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In our opinion, the issue of this discrepancy has not been resolved. Comparisons of the human bone age with the chronology of the Tabun site were made (Grün and Stringer 2000; see also Grün et al 1991), and it was suggested that the Tabun CI individual comes from Layer Β rather than from Layer C; the U-series date for Layer Β is -90,000 yr (Grün and Stringer 2000:610) as confirmed by Coppa et al (2005;see also Table 1). …”

Section: Neanderthalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chronology of Late Pleistocene Humans in Eurasia: Results and Perspectives

Keates¹,

Kuzmin

Burr

2012

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. A compilation of direct age determinations for Late Pleistocene human fossils in eastern Europe and Asia is presented in this paper, and current problems with the dating of hominids in these regions are discussed. Only 25 human finds (4 Neanderthals and 21 modern humans) have been directly dated from Pleistocene eastern Europe and Asia. Indirect dating of human remains (using presumably associated organics) often is insecure, especially when information about the exact provenance of human fossils is lacking. Continuation of direct dating of Late Pleistocene humans in Eurasia, primarily with the help of the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ,4 C method, is therefore an urgent task.

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Section: Neanderthalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chronology of Late Pleistocene Humans in Eurasia: Results and Perspectives

Keates¹,

Kuzmin

Burr

2012

Radiocarbon

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“…The opportunity for such hybridizations may have existed between 90 and 30 kya, after early modern humans dispersed from Africa and before archaic forms went extinct in Eurasia (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Recent genome-level analyses of ancient DNA suggest that a small amount of gene flow did occur from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans sometime after AMH left Africa (6) and that an archaic "Denisovan" population contributed genetic material to the genomes of present-day Melanesians (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence for archaic admixture in Africa

Hammer¹,

Woerner²,

Mendez³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

274

210

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A long-debated question concerns the fate of archaic forms of the genus Homo: did they go extinct without interbreeding with anatomically modern humans, or are their genes present in contemporary populations? This question is typically focused on the genetic contribution of archaic forms outside of Africa. Here we use DNA sequence data gathered from 61 noncoding autosomal regions in a sample of three sub-Saharan African populations (Mandenka, Biaka, and San) to test models of African archaic admixture. We use two complementary approximate-likelihood approaches and a model of human evolution that involves recent population structure, with and without gene flow from an archaic population. Extensive simulation results reject the null model of no admixture and allow us to infer that contemporary African populations contain a small proportion of genetic material (z2%) that introgressed z35 kya from an archaic population that split from the ancestors of anatomically modern humans z700 kya. Three candidate regions showing deep haplotype divergence, unusual patterns of linkage disequilibrium, and small basal clade size are identified and the distributions of introgressive haplotypes surveyed in a sample of populations from across sub-Saharan Africa. One candidate locus with an unusual segment of DNA that extends for >31 kb on chromosome 4 seems to have introgressed into modern Africans from a now-extinct taxon that may have lived in central Africa. Taken together our results suggest that polymorphisms present in extant populations introgressed via relatively recent interbreeding with hominin forms that diverged from the ancestors of modern humans in the Lower-Middle Pleistocene.H. sapiens | hybridization I t is now well accepted that anatomically modern humans (AMH) originated in Africa and eventually dispersed to all inhabited parts of the world. What is not known is the extent to which the ancestral population that gave rise to AMH was genetically isolated, and whether archaic hominins made a genetic contribution to the modern human gene pool. Answering these questions has important implications for understanding the way in which adaptations associated with modern traits were assembled in the human genome: do the genes of AMH descend exclusively from a single isolated population, or do our genes descend from divergent ancestors that occupied different ecological niches over a wider geographical range across and outside of the African Pleistocene landscape?The introgression debate is typically framed in terms of interbreeding between AMH and Neandertals in Europe or other archaic forms in Asia. The opportunity for such hybridizations may have existed between 90 and 30 kya, after early modern humans dispersed from Africa and before archaic forms went extinct in Eurasia (1-5). Recent genome-level analyses of ancient DNA suggest that a small amount of gene flow did occur from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans sometime after AMH left Africa (6) and that an archaic "Denisovan" population contributed genetic mat...

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“…Interproximal wear facets are considered a valuable feature for the association of isolated teeth (Wolpoff, 1978(Wolpoff, , 1979Radovčić et al, 1988;Coppa et al, 2005;Gençturk et al, 2008). Currently, two different methods for tooth association are in use: 1) the visual evaluation of the IPWF outlines, 2) the manual matching of the teeth by physical contact of two dental walls, plus the evaluation of dental features, such as general dental morphology, tooth size, and the occlusal wear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Neanderthal dental sample from Krapina, Croatia was analyzed by using the orientation and morphology of the interproximal wear areas, the continuity of occlusal wear, and some unique features present in some crowns (Wolpoff, 1978(Wolpoff, , 1979; see also Radovčić et al, 1988). The same method was applied to identify seven human teeth of uncertain origin from the Tabun Cave in Israel (Coppa et al, 2005). Photographs of interproximal wear facets (IPWF) were used to superimpose outline drawings visually on acetate transparencies to reconstruct tooth rows of the hominoids from Pas alar in Turkey (Gençturk et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two different approaches based on the IPWF are routinely used to determine tooth associations: the IPWF outline can be qualitatively evaluated as an independent feature for tooth association (e.g., Gençturk et al, 2008) or IPWF can be directly employed for the physical matching of adjacent teeth (Wolpoff, 1978(Wolpoff, , 1979Coppa et al, 2005). In the latter approach, besides the IPWF surface, other dental features, such as tooth morphology and dental wear stage, are considered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative assessment of interproximal wear facet outlines for the association of isolated molars

Benazzi¹,

Fiorenza²,

Katina³

et al. 2010

American J Phys Anthropol

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The determination of the minimum number of individuals can be very challenging, especially in an assemblage of fragmentary bones and isolated teeth. Similarities in tooth morphology, degree of wear, and interproximal wear facets (IPWF) are generally used to associate isolated teeth qualitatively. However, no quantitative method has yet been established for an objective identification and matching of isolated tooth crowns. In this study, we analyze the IPWF morphology of adjacent mandibular molars (17 M(1)/M(2) pairs), applying both qualitative and quantitative methods to test a reproducible approach for crown association. The surfaces of distal (for M(1)) and mesial (for M(2)) IPWF were surface-scanned and digitally selected. Three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) outlines of IPWF were analyzed using elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) and geometric morphometrics methods (GMM). Additionally, teeth were qualitatively associated by visual evaluation of the IPWF outline and by physical matching. Unsatisfactory results with less than 50% of tooth pairs correctly associated were obtained by using both methods, shape analysis (digital approach) and the visual evaluation (qualitative assessment) of the IPWF outline. The physical matching of the crowns showed highly variable accuracy ranging between 53% and 77%. The quantitative form-space analysis of 2D IPWF outlines provided the best results (82% of correctly associated teeth), but no statistically significant differences were recorded when compared with the manual matching. Since three tooth pairs out of 17 could not be quantitatively associated, we suggest that the quantitative analysis of IPWF should be used only in addition with other approaches.

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Newly recognized Pleistocene human teeth from Tabun Cave, Israel

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Chronology of Late Pleistocene Humans in Eurasia: Results and Perspectives

Chronology of Late Pleistocene Humans in Eurasia: Results and Perspectives

Genetic evidence for archaic admixture in Africa

Quantitative assessment of interproximal wear facet outlines for the association of isolated molars

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