Newly Recognized Focus of La Crosse Encephalitis in Tennessee

Jones, Timothy F.; Craig, Allen S.; Nasci, Roger S.; Patterson, Lauren; Erwin, Paul Campbell; Gerhardt, Reid R.; Ussery, Xilla T.; Schaffner, William

doi:10.1086/515087

Cited by 58 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The serological analysis usually only provides the retrospective evidence of viral neurological infection, which is not useful for the rapid treatment of the acute severe disease. IgM capture ELISA performed on sera and CSFs has been shown to be useful in early diagnosis of neurological infections [Heyman, 1997;Jones et al, 1999], but sometimes the availability of such tests is not possible for all of the viruses (e.g., enteroviruses). Therefore, the use of PCR for the detection of viral DNA or RNA is a quick and sensitive molecular technique that can be very useful for the diagnosis of viral meningitis [Hosoya et al, 1998;Read and Kurtz, 1999].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of neurotropic viruses circulating in Tuscany: The incisive role of Toscana virus

et al. 2000

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Acute meningitis is perhaps the most frequent among central nervous system infections. We report a study considering 277 cases of meningitis hospitalized in the southern Tuscany area (Italy) during the period from 1995 to 1998 investigated by tissue culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The cytochemical analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid samples suggested the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, recognized as viral meningitis in 104 cases by detection of viral DNA or RNA. The results collected by tissue culture technique, available for 95 clinical samples, reported a positive isolation for only 12 cases. The viruses identified in the neurological infection were Toscana virus (81%), enterovirus (12%), mumps virus (3%), measles virus (1%), and herpes virus type 1 (3%). These data demonstrate the incisive role of the RNA viruses as the cause of meningitis, and overall the relevance of Toscana virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of neurotropic viruses circulating in Tuscany: The incisive role of Toscana virus

et al. 2000

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“…Tangential infections occur in other mammal species, including humans, where clinical symptoms in young adults occasionally result in severe encephalitis and rarely in death. Historically, human cases were primarily documented in the upper Midwestern US where both the vector and primary small mammal hosts were abundant, but the last 10-15 years now see a majority of human LACV infections originating from West Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina (Erwin et al 2002;Jones et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive mosquitoes, larval competition, and indirect effects on the vector competence of native mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae)

Bevins

2007

Biol Invasions

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Invasive arthropods that vector pathogens have the potential to influence pathogen transmission both directly, by becoming a novel pathogen vector, or indirectly, by interacting with native vectors. Adult mosquito size is influenced by food availability in the larval stage, and smaller, nutrient-deprived mosquitoes are, in some studies, more efficient viral vectors in the laboratory. This is the first study to examine the indirect impacts that larval competition between Aedes albopictus, an introduced mosquito species, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus, a native mosquito species and the primary vector for La Crosse virus (LACV) in the US, has on native mosquito larval survival, adult size, and vector competence. A. albopictus presence decreased Oc. triseriatus larval survival, but surviving Oc. triseriatus females were larger, potentially owing to a release from intraspecific competition. These larger, native females were more likely to develop both midgut and disseminated LACV infections than females emerging from monospecific treatments. Collectively, these results suggest a need to better understand the ecology of both native and invasive vector species, their interactions, and the potential for those interactions to alter vector-borne disease transmission.

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“…25 Our data confirm more recent observations that the highest burden of La Crosse virus disease has now shifted to the Appalachian region of West Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Ohio. [26][27][28] West Nile virus, a flavivirus, is transmitted primarily by Culex mosquitoes, with birds as its natural reservoir. 23,29 This virus now affects children from all regions of the contiguous United States, demonstrating less specificity for particular ecologic and geographic regions than other arboviral etiologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, spinal cord involvement resulting in acute flaccid paralysis has only rarely been described with La Crosse virus or other orthobunyaviruses but 10 cases of acute flaccid paralysis were reported after La Crosse virus infections in our series. [25][26][27][28][55][56][57][58][59][60] This finding should prompt further investigation to determine if these cases were classified as acute flaccid paralysis due to generalized weakness or true spinal cord infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States: 2003 to 2012

2014

PEDIATRICS

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METHODS-We reviewed data reported by state health departments to ArboNET, the national arboviral surveillance system, for 2003 through 2012. Children (<18 years) with neuroinvasive arboviral infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis) were included. Demographic, clinical syndrome, outcome, geographic, and temporal data were analyzed for all cases.RESULTS-During the study period, 1217 cases and 22 deaths due to pediatric neuroinvasive arboviral infection were reported from the 48 contiguous states. La Crosse virus (665 cases; 55%) and West Nile virus (505 cases; 41%) were the most common etiologies identified. Although less common, Eastern equine encephalitis virus (30 cases; 2%) resulted in 10 pediatric deaths. La Crosse virus primarily affected younger children, whereas West Nile virus was more common in older children and adolescents. West Nile virus disease cases occurred throughout the country, whereas La Crosse and the other arboviruses were more focally distributed.CONCLUSIONS-Neuroinvasive arboviral infections were an important cause of pediatric disease from 2003 through 2012. Differences in the epidemiology and clinical disease result from complex interactions among virus, vector, host, and the environment. Decreasing the morbidity and mortality from these agents depends on vector control, personal protection to reduce mosquito and tick bites, and blood donor screening. Effective surveillance is critical to inform clinicians and

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Newly Recognized Focus of La Crosse Encephalitis in Tennessee

Cited by 58 publications

References 12 publications

Detection of neurotropic viruses circulating in Tuscany: The incisive role of Toscana virus

Detection of neurotropic viruses circulating in Tuscany: The incisive role of Toscana virus

Invasive mosquitoes, larval competition, and indirect effects on the vector competence of native mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae)

Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States: 2003 to 2012

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