Newly discovered Paleogene deltaic sequence in Katawaz basin, Pakistan, and its tectonic implications

Qayyum, Mazhar; Niem, Alan R.; Lawrence, Robert D.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0835:ndpdsi>2.3.co;2

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…This interpretation is consistent with the latitudinal position (20°N, according to ODSN plate tectonic reconstruction model, see Fig. 4) of the area during the early Oligocene, and with the composition of the small and (Qayyum et al, 1996). (B) The hypothetical paleogeographic setting and the deposition of the lower Vihowa Formation in the Sulaiman Range during the early Miocene (20 Ma): note the progressive closure of the Katawaz remnant ocean due to the northward and clockwise rotation of the Indian plate (Qayyum et al, 1997), and the development of the modern Indus drainage system.…”

Section: The Transition From Marine To Terrestrial Sedimentation and supporting

confidence: 82%

“…The Katawaz Basin (or Katawaz remnant ocean) was the main depocenter for sediments eroded from the orogenic highlands that resulted from early collision and subduction of the western promontory of India during the Paleogene (Mattauer et al, 1999;Qayyum et al, 1996). The closure of the Paleo-Indus foredeep basin by the end of the early Miocene was consecutive to the northward motion and westward virgation of the Indian lithospheric plate, which involved a major reorganization of drainages in the area.…”

Section: Provenance Of the Chitarwata Formation Exposed In The Bugti mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithofacies, depositional environments, regional biostratigraphy and age of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan

Métais

Antoine

Baqri³

et al. 2009

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Section: The Transition From Marine To Terrestrial Sedimentation and supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Provenance Of the Chitarwata Formation Exposed In The Bugti mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithofacies, depositional environments, regional biostratigraphy and age of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan

Métais

Antoine

Baqri³

et al. 2009

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…This is compounded by the oblique nature of the collision and a limited understanding of the pre-collisional boundary configuration (Treloar & Izatt 1993;Qayyum et al 1996). The dearth of surface velocity data, lack of knowledge of the stratigraphy at depth, and uncertainty about the age of the Sulaiman Range mean that we are unable to constrain its viscosity using our model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is composed of a passive margin sequence of Mesozoic platform carbonates, sands, muds, shales and volcanics which show a deep-water affinity to the north. These deposits transition to younger siliciclastic sediments shed from the newly forming Himalaya from the Eocene onwards and deposited in a shallow-water deltaic environment analogous to the modern-day Indus delta-fan system (Eames 1951;Humayon et al 1991;Treloar & Izatt 1993;Qayyum et al 1996Qayyum et al , 2001Kassi et al 2009). The sedimentary sequence was deposited in a large basin off the western Indo-Pakistani subcontinent; the southwestern continuation of the remnant Neo-Tethys Ocean being consumed to the north throughout the early Cenozoic (Qayyum et al 1997).…”

Section: G E O L O G I C a L S E T T I N Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and dynamics of a fold-thrust belt: the Sulaiman Range of Pakistan

Reynolds

Copley

Hussain

2015

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YWe present observations and models of the Sulaiman Range of western Pakistan that shed new light on the evolution and deformation of fold-thrust belts. Earthquake source inversions show that the seismic deformation in the range is concentrated in the thick pile of sediments overlying the underthrusting lithosphere of the Indian subcontinent. The slip vectors of the earthquakes vary in strike around the margin of the range, in tandem with the shape of the topography, suggesting that gravitational driving forces arising from the topography play an important role in governing the deformation of the region. Numerical models suggest that the active deformation, and the extreme plan-view curvature of the range, are governed by the presence of weak sediments in a pre-existing basin on the underthrusting Indian Plate. These sediments affect the stress-state in the over-riding mountain range and allow for the rapid propagation of the nose of the range and the development of extreme curvature and laterally varying surface gradients.Key words: Seismicity and tectonics; Continental neotectonics; Dynamics: gravity and tectonics; Dynamics: seismotectonics. I N T RO D U C T I O NPlan-view curvature of geological structures and range-front topography has long been a recognized and debated feature of both ancient and active fold-thrust belts (e.g. Argand 1924;Carey 1955;Hindle & Burkhard 1999;Marshak 2004). Though poorly understood, the relationship between the size and shape of a mountain range, surface deformation, and continental rheology, is key to our understanding of mountain-building processes. As the largest active mountain ranges on Earth, much of the body of work surrounding this topic has focused on the Tibetan Plateau and the Andes (e.g. Argand 1924;Suárez et al. 1983;Dewey et al. 1988;England & Houseman 1988;Isacks 1988;Molnar & Lyon-Caen 1989;Whitman et al. 1996;Lamb & Hoke 1997;Barke et al. 2007;Royden et al. 2008). However, a full understanding of continental tectonics and rheology requires knowledge of the deformation, evolution and dynamics of not just the planet's largest and most rapidly deforming regions, but also of smaller deformation zones (e.g. Batt & Braun 1999;Macedo & Marshak 1999;Nissen et al. 2011b). A lack of published data, extremely limited geodetic coverage and difficulty of access mean there have been relatively few studies of the western part of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau system, where the Himalaya curve to the southwest into the lobate fold-thrust belts of Pakistan. The widest of these, the Sulaiman Range (Fig. 1a), forms a strongly curved, asymmetric lobe with ∼300 km across-strike width. This range has experienced plentiful earthquakes during the instrumental period, and has been the subject of several competing hypotheses about the behaviour and mechanics of fold-thrust belts (Humayon et al. 1991;Jadoon & Khurshid 1996;Haq & Davis 1997;Macedo & Marshak 1999;Bernard et al. 2000;Reiter et al. 2011). In this paper, we study the Sulaiman Range in order to gain insights into the ...

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“…3) The Pishin belt (Kasi et al, 2012), also called the Flysch belt (Naka et al, 1996), lies to the north of the suture zone and comprises the Eocene Nisai Formation (Allemann, 1979), the Oligocene Khojak Formation (Qayyum et al, 1996) and the Miocene-Pliocene fluvial successions of the Multana Formation (Jones, 1961) overlain by the Pleistocene lacustrine Bostan Formation (Jones, 1961).…”

Section: Regional Geology and The Muslim Bagh Ophiolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Petrology and geochemistry of mafic dykes from the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite (Pakistan): implications for petrogenesis and emplacement

Kakar¹,

Mahmood²,

Arif³

et al. 2015

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Two different types of mafic dykes are found in the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite: 1) a sheeted dyke complex and 2) a mafic dyke swarm. Relative to the host plutonic section, the sheeted dykes are poorly developed, implying that they formed in an oceanic setting with a low and intermittent supply of magma, probably because of cyclic accumulation of crystals at the base of the magma chamber. Both the sheeted dykes and the dyke swarms have been metamorphosed to greenschist/amphibolite facies conditions. With the exception of the upper level gabbros and sheeted dykes, the dyke swarms crosscut almost the whole ophiolite suite as well as the metamorphic sole rocks, but are truncated structurally at the contact with the underlying mélange and sediments. Hence, the injection of the dyke swarms postdates the formation of both the main Muslim Bagh Ophiolite and the metamorphic sole rocks, but predates the accretion of the mélange and the final emplacement of the ophiolite onto the Indian plate margin. Both the sheeted dykes and dyke swarms are tholeiitic and have a geochemical signature of either island arc tholeiites (IAT) or are transitional between mid-oceanic ridge basalts and IAT. Oceanic rocks with such characteristics, especially their enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, are generally thought to have formed by processes involving a subduction zone component in the source region by fluids released from the subducting slab. The Muslim Bagh Ophiolite sheeted dykes originated in the late Cretaceous, in a supra-subduction zone tectonic setting related to the subduction of a narrow branch of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, followed by a subduction rollback due to splitting of the nascent arc in the Tethys Ocean. This intra-oceanic subduction led to the formation of a metamorphic sole, followed by the off-axis intrusion of mafic dykes into the ophiolite through a slab window. The Muslim Bagh Ophiolite was accreted to the Bagh Complex and finally obducted onto the Indian Platform.

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Newly discovered Paleogene deltaic sequence in Katawaz basin, Pakistan, and its tectonic implications

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Lithofacies, depositional environments, regional biostratigraphy and age of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan

Lithofacies, depositional environments, regional biostratigraphy and age of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan

Evolution and dynamics of a fold-thrust belt: the Sulaiman Range of Pakistan

Petrology and geochemistry of mafic dykes from the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite (Pakistan): implications for petrogenesis and emplacement

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