Newly depolymerized large organic N contributes directly to amino acid uptake in young maize plants

Enggrob, Kirsten Lønne; Jakobsen, Charlotte Marie; Pedersen, Inge Bülow; Rasmussen, Jim

doi:10.1111/nph.16070

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Future studies should aim to extrapolate laboratory, sterile experiments into heterogenic soil conditions. First attempts suggest that newly depolymerized high-molecular-mass organic N contributes to 20-30% of N uptake by maize, as proven by the addition and uptake of triple labelled ( 14 C, 13 C, 15 N) high-molecular-mass organic N [71]. Similarly, root-derived proteases may account for up to 20% of the total soil proteolysis [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-Derived Proteases as a Plant Tool to Access Soil Organic Nitrogen; Current Stage of Knowledge and Controversies

Adamczyk

2021

Plants

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Anthropogenic deterioration of the global nitrogen (N) cycle emerges mainly from overuse of inorganic N fertilizers in nutrient-limited cropping systems. To counteract a further dysregulation of the N cycle, we need to improve plant nitrogen use efficiency. This aim may be reached via unravelling all plant mechanisms to access soil N, with special attention to the dominating high-molecular-mass N pool. Traditionally, we believe that inorganic N is the only plant-available N pool, however, more recent studies point to acquisition of organic N compounds, i.e., amino acids, short peptides, and proteins. The least known mechanism of plants to increase the N uptake is a direct increase of soil proteolysis via root-derived proteases. This paper provides a review of the knowledge about root-derived proteases and also controversies behind this phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root-Derived Proteases as a Plant Tool to Access Soil Organic Nitrogen; Current Stage of Knowledge and Controversies

Adamczyk

2021

Plants

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“…In the rhizosphere, the N concentration in the soil solution is controlled mainly by root uptake and the exudation and replenishment rate of the nutrient [38]. It is increasingly recognized that roots can take up and assimilate N in the organic form, especially when nitrogen is scarce [39][40][41][42]. The high DON pools in these histosols (mostly higher or equal to the MinN pool) suggest that lettuce roots could use this uptake pathway preferentially when the MinN pool becomes more limited under rye mulch, or that the replenishment rates of MinN and DON are high enough even under a rye mulch to meet the needs of a lettuce crop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Availability under Lettuce Grown in Rye Mulch in Histosols

2020

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Vegetable crop production, which is expanding worldwide, is managed extremely intensively and is therefore raising concerns about soil degradation. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of using rye mulch as a conservation practice on nutrient availability for lettuce grown in histosols. The rye cover crop was established in the fall of 2018 at two cultivated peatland sites. The following summer, lettuce crops were planted at both sites on the rye mulch cover and on control plots. Lysimeters were used to extract the soil solution once a week during lettuce growth. Various soil properties were analyzed in the soil sampled at the end of the lettuce growing season. The rye yield was higher at site 1 than at site 2 and the lettuce growth was reduced at site 1 under the rye mulch treatment. The rye mulch reduced mineral N and dissolved organic N availability at both sites. The N dynamics in histosols might be fast enough to supply the lettuce needs; however, the implantation difficulties must first be overcome to confirm that hypothesis. At the end of the lettuce growth period, soil total and active C pools and soluble organic soil N in the rye mulch treatment sample were significantly higher at site 1 than at site 2. The presence of rye mulch improved the carbon pool over a single growing season. The use of rye mulch as a soil conservation practice for vegetable crop production appears promising for histosols; however, more work is needed to gain a better understanding on the long-term effects of decomposing rye mulch and roots on soil nutrient availability, soil health and C sequestration, and on the nitrogen uptake pathways and growth of cash crops. Future works which would include consecutive years of study at multiple sites are also needed to be able to confirm and generalize the observations found in the present work.

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“…A conspicuous oversight in how several NUE indices are conceptualized is the neglect to consider forms of N other than inorganic N (with the exception of the soil-based formulas that include unfertilized controls and/or capture background N contributions). Historic and recent discoveries demonstrate that plants take up N directly as organic molecules, such as amino acids, peptides, and even proteins ( Rentsch et al, 2007 ; Näsholm et al, 2009 ; Hill et al, 2011 ; Paungfoo-Lonhienne et al, 2012 ; Dion et al, 2018 ; Enggrob et al, 2019 ) and that plants capitalize on carbon already contained in organic N sources, thereby improving NUE ( Franklin et al, 2017 ). This phenomenon is a promising new area, largely enabled by compound-specific stable isotope tracking, that will likely move us towards an improved understanding of NUE in cropping systems ( Farzadfar et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: The Nue Indices Of the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Definitions of Today and Tomorrow

et al. 2021

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Crop production has a large impact on the nitrogen (N) cycle, with consequences to climate, environment, and public health. Designing better N management will require indicators that accurately reflect the complexities of N cycling and provide biological meaning. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an established metric used to benchmark N management. There are numerous approaches to calculate NUE, but it is difficult to find an authoritative resource that collates the various NUE indices and systematically identifies their assets and shortcomings. Furthermore, there is reason to question the usefulness of many traditional NUE formulations, and to consider factors to improve the conceptualization of NUE for future use. As a resource for agricultural researchers and students, here we present a comprehensive list of NUE indices and discuss their functions, strengths, and limitations. We also suggest several factors—which are currently ignored in traditional NUE indices—that will improve the conceptualization of NUE, such as: accounting for a wider range of soil N forms, considering how plants mediate their response to the soil N status, including the below-ground/root N pools, capturing the synchrony between available N and plant N demand, blending agronomic performance with ecosystem functioning, and affirming the biological meaning of NUE.

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Newly depolymerized large organic N contributes directly to amino acid uptake in young maize plants

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Root-Derived Proteases as a Plant Tool to Access Soil Organic Nitrogen; Current Stage of Knowledge and Controversies

Root-Derived Proteases as a Plant Tool to Access Soil Organic Nitrogen; Current Stage of Knowledge and Controversies

Nutrient Availability under Lettuce Grown in Rye Mulch in Histosols

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Definitions of Today and Tomorrow

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