Newer advances in medical management of glaucoma

Chakrabarti, Arup; Mohan, Neethu; Nazm, Nazneen; Mehta, Rajvi; Edward, DeepakP

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_2239_21

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…At present, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. In recent years, the incidence of glaucoma has been increasing, and the research on glaucoma has become a research hotspot in ophthalmology [10]. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of chronic glaucoma, but eye distension, headache, blurred vision, optic nerve and visual field damage occur in the late stage of chronic glaucoma [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection of New PMMA* Loaded Microspheres into Anterior Chamber to Establish a Rabbit Glaucoma Model

2023

MEDSC

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Objective: To develop a novel PMMA material microsphere and characterize it. Named it PMMA*.The microsphere was loaded with drugs, and the intraocular pressure of rabbits was increased by anterior chamber injection, so as to establish a new animal model of ocular hypertension. Methods: PMMA* microspheres with a diameter of 50-80μm were prepared, and the drug loading, release and biosafety of PMMA* microspheres were analyzed. PMMA* microsphere suspension was prepared at 1% dosage of atropine sulfate. Eighteen healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected, with the right eye as the experimental eye and the left eye as the control eye. They were randomly divided into blank microsphere group, atropine sulfate group and atropine sulfate loaded microsphere group with 6 rabbits in each group. The chronic ocular hypertension model of the right eye was established. Intraocular pressure was monitored postoperatively and Micro-CT was used to determine the position of the microsphere at the anterior chamber Angle. The pathological changes of chronic glaucoma were studied. Results: PMMA* microspheres have the characteristics of micropore structure, adjustable size, slow release, in situ residence and good biosafety. There was no significant difference in preoperative intraocular pressure in rabbits (P>0.05), which was comparable. At 15 days after surgery, the intraocular pressure in experimental eyes was significantly higher than that in control eyes, with statistical significance (P<0.05), and the increase of intraocular pressure caused by drug-loaded PMMA* microspheres was more significant. Micro-CT determined the position of the microsphere in the anterior chamber Angle of rabbit. The atropine sulfate loaded microspheres showed more obvious ganglion cell -retinal nerve fiber layer damage. Conclusions:The PMMA* microspheres synthesized in this study have good drug loading performance and slow release performance. Intraventral injection of drug-loaded PMMA* microspheres can block the outflow of aqueous solution to establish a better chronic glaucoma model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection of New PMMA* Loaded Microspheres into Anterior Chamber to Establish a Rabbit Glaucoma Model

2023

MEDSC

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“…Bimatoprost is a synthetic analog of prostaglandin F2α. It increases the outflow of aqueous fluid from the eye and lowers intraocular pressure, and it has been used to treat conditions with high pressure inside the eye, including glaucoma [ 50 , 51 ]. Because the association of acquired trichomegaly of the eyelashes and hypertrichosis was discovered with bimatoprost use [ 52 , 53 ], bimatoprost (0.03%) has been used to treat eyelash hypotrichosis and eyelash, eyebrow, and scalp alopecia [ 54 , 55 ], as well as for aesthetics purposes.…”

Section: Cia Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: What Is Available and What Is Coming?

et al. 2023

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Millions of new cancer patients receive chemotherapy each year. In addition to killing cancer cells, chemotherapy is likely to damage rapidly proliferating healthy cells, including the hair follicle keratinocytes. Chemotherapy causes substantial thinning or loss of hair, termed chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA), in approximately 65% of patients. CIA is often ranked as one of the most distressing adverse effects of chemotherapy, but interventional options have been limited. To date, only scalp cooling has been cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent CIA. However, several factors, including the high costs not always covered by insurance, preclude its broader use. Here we review the current options for CIA prevention and treatment and discuss new approaches being tested. CIA interventions include scalp cooling systems (both non-portable and portable) and topical agents to prevent hair loss, versus topical and oral minoxidil, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, among others, to stimulate hair regrowth after hair loss. Evidence-based studies are needed to develop and validate methods to prevent hair loss and/or accelerate hair regrowth in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, which could significantly improve cancer patients’ quality of life and may help improve compliance and consequently the outcome of cancer treatment.

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“…Indeed, most patients with glaucoma begin treatment with eye-drops, used daily to reduce IOP. The eye-drops are designed to lower the aqueous humour production, increase drainage of aqueous humour, or both [61,236].…”

Section: Drug Basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing treatment of retinal disease through in silico trials

2023

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Treating retinal diseases to prevent sight loss is an increasingly important challenge. Thanks to the configuration of the eye, the retina can be examined relatively easily in situ. Owing to recent technological development in scanning devices, much progress has been made in understanding the structure of the retina and characterising retinal biomarkers. However, treatment options remain limited and are often of low efficiency and efficacy.In recent years, the concept of in silico clinical trials has been adopted by many pharmaceutical companies to optimise and accelerate the development of therapeutics. In silico clinical trials rely on the use of mathematical models based on the physical and biochemical mechanisms underpinning a biological system. With appropriate simplifications and assumptions, one can generate computer simulations of various treatment regimens, new therapeutic molecules, delivery strategies and so forth, rapidly and at a fraction of the cost required for the equivalent experiments. Such simulations have the potential not only to hasten the development of therapies and strategies but also tooptimise the use of existing therapeutics.In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in in silico models of the retina for mathematicians, biomedical scientists and clinicians, highlighting the challenges to developing in silico clinical trials. Throughout this paper, we highlight key findings from in silico models about the physiology of the retina in health and disease. We describe the main building blocks of in silico clinical trials and identify challenges to developing in silico clinical trials of retinal diseases.

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Newer advances in medical management of glaucoma

Cited by 29 publications

References 78 publications

Injection of New PMMA* Loaded Microspheres into Anterior Chamber to Establish a Rabbit Glaucoma Model

Injection of New PMMA* Loaded Microspheres into Anterior Chamber to Establish a Rabbit Glaucoma Model

Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: What Is Available and What Is Coming?

Advancing treatment of retinal disease through in silico trials

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