Newcastle Disease Virus in Madagascar: Identification of an Original Genotype Possibly Deriving from a Died Out Ancestor of Genotype IV

Maminiaina, Olivier Fridolin; Gil, Patricia; Briand, François-Xavier; Albina, Emmanuel; Keita, Djénéba; Andriamanivo, Harentsoaniaina Rasamoelina; Chevalier, Véronique; Lancelot, Renaud; Martinez, Dominique; Rizzoli, René; Rajaonarison, Jean-Joseph; Koko, Mahmoud; Andriantsimahavandy, Abel; Jestin, Véronique; Almeida, Renata Servan de

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013987

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Based on serological tests and complete genome sequence, APMVs have been officially classified into 12 serotypes designated as APMV-1 to 12 with NDV categorized into APMV-1 [7,10,65,106]. The virus genome has a negative-sense, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA with a genome length of approximately 15 [21,63]. The genome codes for six genes encoding seven proteins, namely: nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN), large polymerase protein (L), and an additional protein V that is expressed by RNA editing of P mRNA [56].…”

Section: Newcastle Disease Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

2016

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Over the years, Newcastle disease (ND) has defied all available control measures. The disease has remained at the forefront of infectious diseases afflicting poultry production after avian influenza. Despite the continuous global use of million doses of ND vaccine annually, the causative pathogen, avian paramyxovirus type 1 also known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has continued to evolve causing, even more, a threat not only to the unvaccinated but the vaccinated flocks inclusive. The disease has been well studied in the developed countries where the virus is found in circulation. However, limited information exists on the epizootiology and circulating genotypes of the virus in developing countries where the majority of the flocks are raised on the extensive management system. Identification of virulent NDV in apparently healthy free-range ducks in this system calls for concern and pragmatic approach to investigate factor(s) that favour the virus inhabiting the ducks without clinical manifestation of the disease. Recently, novel genotypes (XIV, XVII, and XVIII) with peculiarity to West and Central African countries have been discovered and due to lack or poor surveillance system possibility of hitherto unreported genotypes are likely. This review elucidates and discusses available literature on the diversity of the circulating NDV genotypes across the West Africa countries and the epizootiology (molecular) of the disease in Nigeria with the view of identifying gaps in knowledge that can assist in the development of effective vaccines and control strategies to combat the peril of the disease.

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Section: Newcastle Disease Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

2016

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“…Severe outbreaks of ND have been reported in North African countries, namely, Egypt (14,15) and Morocco (16); Central African countries, namely, Nigeria, Niger, Sudan, Cameroon, and Burundi (17) and Uganda (13); western African countries, namely, Burkina Faso (17), Mali (18), and Ivory Coast and Mauritania (17); and southern African countries, namely, Mozambique and South Africa (12) and Madagascar (18,19). Africa is thought to be a reservoir of new virulent strains of NDV (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

et al. 2013

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e Newcastle disease (ND) is a deadly avian disease worldwide. In Africa, ND is enzootic and causes large economic losses, but little is known about the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains circulating in African countries. In this study, 27 NDV isolates collected from apparently healthy chickens in live-bird markets of the West African countries Benin and Togo in 2009 were characterized. All isolates had polybasic fusion (F)-protein cleavage sites and were shown to be highly virulent in standard pathogenicity assays. Infection of 2-week-old chickens with two of the isolates resulted in 100% mortality within 4 days. Phylogenetic analysis of the 27 isolates based on a partial F-protein gene sequence identified three clusters: one containing all the isolates from Togo and one from Benin (cluster 2), one containing most isolates from Benin (cluster 3), and an outlier isolate from Benin (cluster 1). All the three clusters are related to genotype VII strains of NDV. In addition, the cluster of viruses from Togo contained a recently identified 6-nucleotide insert between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase (L) genes in a complete genome of an NDV isolate from this geographical region. Multiple strains that include this novel element suggest local emergence of a new genome length class. These results reveal genetic diversity within and among local NDV populations in Africa. Sequence analysis showed that the F and HN proteins of six West African isolates share 83.2 to 86.6% and 86.5 to 87.9% identities, respectively, with vaccine strain LaSota, indicative of considerable diversity. A vaccine efficacy study showed that the LaSota vaccine protected birds from morbidity and mortality but did not prevent shedding of West African challenge viruses.

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“…This monitoring programme was designed to study both AIV and NDV in African wild birds [25][26][27]. Thus, the study did not focus on waterfowl only and studies on NDV epidemiology were concurrently implemented in poultry [28][29][30]. In this paper, we focused on three questions: (i) what is the host range of NDV in wild birds in Africa and is there any variability in virus prevalence between bird species or phylum in the wild African bird community?, (ii) is there a year-round circulation of NDV in wild birds in Africa or is there any seasonal pattern?, and (iii) do NDV strains detected in domestic and wild birds indicate any exchange of virus at the wildlife/domestic interface?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical analysis suggests continuous and homogeneous circulation of Newcastle disease virus in a wide range of wild bird species in Africa

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide and can lead to annual losses of up to 80% of backyard chickens in Africa. All bird species are considered susceptible to ND virus (NDV) infection but little is known about the role that wild birds play in the epidemiology of the virus. We present a long-term monitoring of 9000 wild birds in four African countries. Overall, 3·06% of the birds were PCR-positive for NDV infection, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 10% depending on the season, the site and the species considered. Our study shows that ND is circulating continuously and homogeneously in a large range of wild bird species. Several genotypes of NDV circulate concurrently in different species and are phylogenetically closely related to strains circulating in local domestic poultry, suggesting that wild birds may play several roles in the epidemiology of different NDV strains in Africa. We recommend that any strategic plan aiming at controlling ND in Africa should take into account the potential role of the local wild bird community in the transmission of the disease.

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Newcastle Disease Virus in Madagascar: Identification of an Original Genotype Possibly Deriving from a Died Out Ancestor of Genotype IV

Cited by 61 publications

References 68 publications

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology and current knowledge of circulating genotypes

Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

Empirical analysis suggests continuous and homogeneous circulation of Newcastle disease virus in a wide range of wild bird species in Africa

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