Newborn primate infants are entrained by low intensity lighting

Rivkees, Scott A.; Hofman, Paul L.; Fortman, Jeffrey D

doi:10.1073/pnas.94.1.292

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, there are very few relevant studies on maturation in primates, either human or nonhuman (4,5). The few recent nonhuman primate neonatal studies that exist relate only to the responsiveness of these rhythms to light (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth, Neurobehavioral and Circadian Rhythm Development in Newborn Baboons

et al. 2001

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We measured body temperature continuously using telemetry to determine the development of circadian rhythmicity in neonatal baboons after birth. Twelve fetal baboons (nine males and three females) of known gestational age ranging from 167 to 193 d were studied. We eliminated the influence of maternal factors by hand rearing these infants from the moment of birth until 45 d of life. All infants showed steady growth in body weight, head circumference, and crown-rump length. Neurobehavioral responses including visual and auditory orientation, motor maturity, irritability, and consolability increased as a function of age. Circadian rhythms of body temperature were present in the second week of life, and the amplitude of this rhythm increased throughout the developmental period studied. The increase in the amplitude of circadian body temperature rhythm independent of environmental time cues may indicate the maturation of the brain. These neonatal nonhuman primates offer an excellent model for studying neurobehavioral development and maturation of circadian rhythms while controlling external factors in a manner that is not possible with human neonates. Circadian rhythms with a periodicity of approximately 24 h are endogenous rhythms that regulate many physiologic functions. These rhythms are generated by a biologic clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain (1). Appropriate appearance of perinatal circadian rhythms, both fetal and neonatal, is a fundamental expression of normal brain maturation (2). The extent to which these rhythms are present at birth and/or mature during the early neonatal period has been studied extensively in rodents (3). However, there are very few relevant studies on maturation in primates, either human or nonhuman (4, 5). The few recent nonhuman primate neonatal studies that exist relate only to the responsiveness of these rhythms to light (6, 7).Maternal endocrine and other rhythms, however, have been investigated in nonhuman primates. Some have been shown to be truly circadian, e.g. body temperature and uterine myometrial activity (8, 9). Maternal hormonal rhythms have also been shown to persist in the absence of external cues, the ultimate criterion for a circadian rhythm (10). In addition, several other studies have demonstrated 24-h maternal rhythms in human and nonhuman primates (11, 12) during the last trimester of gestation. These maternal rhythms, too, may yet prove to be truly circadian; however, they have not yet been shown to free run in the absence of external cues.The purpose of the present study was to determine whether neonatal baboons express a clear circadian rhythm in body temperature in the absence of postnatal environmental time cues including those received from their mothers. In addition, we wished to evaluate any increase in the amplitude of the rhythm as a function of postnatal age. Growth and neurobehavioral development were evaluated at weekly intervals. METHODSTwelve pregnant baboons (Papio papio) of known gestational age (term is approximately 180 d ...

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confidence: 99%

Growth, Neurobehavioral and Circadian Rhythm Development in Newborn Baboons

et al. 2001

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“…Light entrainment of circadian rhythms has been demonstrated in animals. 407,408 Studies in newborn infants as early as 28 weeks gestation have demonstrated some aspects of circadian rhythmicity in body temperature, 401,[409][410][411][412] respiratory pause frequency 411 and blood amino-acid level measurements. 413 Using amplitude integrated EEG, cyclic changes in sleep state have been identified in preterm infants as early as 27 weeks gestation, with onset at 6 days of age.…”

Section: To 32 Weeks Gestational Age and Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of potentially better practices to support the neurodevelopment of infants in the NICU

et al. 2007

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Objective: To review the existing evidence used to identify potentially better care practices that support newborn brain development.Study Design: Literature review.Result: Sixteen potentially better practices are identified and grouped into two operational clinical bundles based upon timing for recommended implementation. Conclusion:Existing evidence supports the implementation of selected care practices that potentially may support newborn brain development.

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“…Tissue sections adjacent to those used for DG studies were used. In situ hybridization for c-fos,per1 mRNA were performed by using methods similar to those described (16). The Riboprobe system (Promega) was used to…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that the SCN of term baboon infants (gestation length 180-185 days) are responsive to light at birth and that photic responsiveness is retina-mediated (16). To address when the developing primate circadian system first becomes responsive to light, we studied progressively younger preterm baboon infants.…”

Section: Photic Responsiveness Of the Scn In Preterm Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the species examined, photic regulation of the SCN develops either prenatally or postnatally (12)(13)(14). In humans, the retinohypothalamic tract has been identified at 36 weeks of gestation (15), and functional entrainment of circadian phase has been observed in term baboon infants (16). However, we do not know whether the primate clock is functionally responsive to light at earlier stages.…”

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The biological clock of very premature primate infants is responsive to light

Hao

Rivkees

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Each year more than 250,000 infants in the United States are exposed to artificial lighting in hospital nurseries with little consideration given to environmental lighting cycles. Essential in determining whether environmental lighting cycles need to be considered in hospital nurseries is identifying when the infant's endogenous circadian clock becomes responsive to light. Using a non-human primate model of the developing human, we examined when the circadian clock, located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), becomes responsive to light. Preterm infant baboons of different ages were exposed to light (5,000 lux) at night, and then changes in SCN metabolic activity and gene expression were assessed. After exposure to bright light at night, robust increases in SCN metabolic activity and gene expression were seen at ages that were equivalent to human infants at 24 weeks after conception. These data provide direct evidence that the biological clock of very premature primate infants is responsive to light.

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Newborn primate infants are entrained by low intensity lighting

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Growth, Neurobehavioral and Circadian Rhythm Development in Newborn Baboons

Growth, Neurobehavioral and Circadian Rhythm Development in Newborn Baboons

The development of potentially better practices to support the neurodevelopment of infants in the NICU

The biological clock of very premature primate infants is responsive to light

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