Newborn colonization and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus agalactiae at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) that asymptomatically colonizing the recto-vaginal area of women is the most important cause of neonatal colonization. There is paucity of evidence about newborn colonization with GBS in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of newborn colonization with GBS, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates and associated risk factors at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital in Northwest EthiopiaMethodsA prospective cross sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 1,155 swabs from nasal, ear and umbilical areas of the newborns were collected from the 385 newborns. Identifications of the isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done by using conventional methods.ResultsSixty two (16.1%, 95% CI: 12.2% - 20%) of the newborns were colonized by GBS. Seven percent of the total specimens were positive for GBS. The antibiotics susceptibility rates of GBS (average of the three body sites tested) were 95.1%, 89.6%, 88.9%, 85.7%, 85.3%, 81.3%, 76.9%, 76.1%, 73.8%, and 34.4% to ampicillin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, azitromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline, respectively. A multilogistic regression analyses were shown that the newborns that were from mothers whose education status was below tertiary level, and newborns from mothers who were: being employed, being nullipara and multigravida were at risk for colonization with GBS.ConclusionPrevalence of neonatal colonization with GBS was higher than it was reported in three decades ago in Ethiopia. Ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin and azithromycin were identified as the drug of choice next to ampicillin and penicillin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1350-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of group B streptococcal colonization in the healthy non-pregnant population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Our finding highlights the importance of screening multiple sites and the use of adequate culture methods, including the use of a selective enrichment broth and appropriate agar, to detect GBS carriage, for both scientific studies and clinical practice. [68,[116][117][118][119][120]. In time, most infants clear GBS, as colonization rates are lowest in children.…”

“…GBS carriage in infants depends highly on maternal colonization [68,[116][117][118][119][120]. In time, most infants clear GBS, as colonization rates are lowest in children.…”

Prevalencia de colonización vaginorrectal por Streptococcus agalactiae y su perfil de sensibilidad en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en un hospital de tercer nivel

“…Se ha informado S. agalactiae con tolerancia o sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina desde 1994 32 . En un estudio en Japón, se identificaron cepas de aislamientos clínicos de S. agalactiae con una CIM por encima de los criterios establecidos por el CLSI (≤0,12 µg/ml) 33 , lo cual demostró que la reducción de la sensibilidad se debía a la sustitución de aminoácidos en la proteína fijadora de penicilina, PBP2X 33 ; y, en otro estudio más reciente en el noroeste de Etiopía, se encontró una sensibilidad de 89,6 % a este antimicrobiano 34 . Sin embargo, aún predominan las cepas sensibles y, por ello, no se hace necesario verificar de forma rutinaria la sensibilidad a este antibiótico.…”

Prevalence, Resistance Profile and Virulence Genes of Streptococcus agalactiae Colonizing Near-term Pregnant Women Attending Ain Shams University Hospital

“…Double-disk diffusion method (D-zone test) to detect erythromycin resistance phenotype was performed 18,19 .…”