New Zealand Maritime Glaciation: Millennial-Scale Southern Climate Change Since 3.9 Ma

Carter, Robert M.; Gammon, P

doi:10.1126/science.1093726

Cited by 60 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Data are scarce for southern ocean temperatures over the last 1.1 Myr near South America. Available studies, however, suggest that glacial maxima (e.g., even numbered isotope stages) around the time of the GPG were not fundamentally cooler compared to those during the last several glacial cycles (e.g., Hodell et al, 2002;Carter and Gammon, 2004). Perhaps more important, no evidence exists for a trend in increasing paleotemperatures over the last 1 Myr that would cause a decrease in the extent of ice over this time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Can glacial erosion limit the extent of glaciation?

et al. 2009

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In southern South America, the maximum areal extent of ice during the Quaternary Period, the Greatest Patagonian Glaciation (GPG, Mercer, 1983), occurred at 1.1 Ma and subsequent glaciations were overall less extensive. The GPG preceded global minimum temperatures and maximal volume of ice, which occurred in the last ~ 800 kyr, as recorded in the marine δ 18 O record. Significant modification of the drainage morphology of the southern Andes from a non-glaciated to glaciated landscape occurred throughout the Quaternary Period. We infer a non-climatic relationship between glacial modification of the mountains and decreasing the extent of ice and we discuss processes of landscape development that could have caused the trend. Specifically, these include modification of valleys, such as development from a V-to a Ushape, and lowering of mass-accumulation areas. Such changes would strongly affect glacial dynamics, the mass balance profile and mass-flux during succeeding glaciations, especially for low-gradient outlet glaciers occupying low areas. Other areas around Earth (at least where ice has been warm-based) also may exhibit a non-random trend of decreasing the extent of ice with time, ultimately because of glacial erosion in the Quaternary Period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The decreasing trend of coverage of Patagonian ice does not mirror Southern Ocean temperature changes over the last 1 Myr (e.g., Hodell et al, 2002;Carter and Gammon, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can glacial erosion limit the extent of glaciation?

et al. 2009

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“…Geophysical scanning, especially the natural gamma record (cf. Carter & Gammon 2004), confirms the macroscopic lithological pattern but provides a far higher resolution climate record, at centennial scale for the datasets shown and at decadal scale for the colour imagery (not shown). The core scans were performed at the West Coast Core Repository at Scripps Institute of Oceanography, USA, using a GEOTEK M S C L -X Y Z system, which, after loading, is capable of unsupervised collection of data from a full 10m-long DSDP or ODP core.…”

Section: Modern Core-logging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 67%

New techniques in sediment core analysis: an introduction

Rothwell

Rack²

2006

126

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Marine sediment cores are the fundamental data source for information on seabed character, depositional history and environmental change. They provide raw data for a wide range of research including studies of global climate change, palaeoceanography, slope stability, oil exploration, pollution assessment and control, and sea-floor surveys for laying cables, pipelines and siting of sea-floor structures. During the last three decades, a varied suite of new technologies have been developed to analyse cores, often non-destructively, to produce high-quality, closely spaced, co-located downcore measurements, characterizing sediment physical properties, geochemistry and composition in unprecedented detail. Distributions of a variety of palaeoenvironmentally significant proxies can now be logged at decadal and, in some cases, even annual or subannual scales, allowing detailed insights into the history of climate and associated environmental change. These advances have had a profound effect on many aspects of the Earth Sciences, particularly palaeoceanography. In this paper, we review recent advances in analytical and logging technology, and their application to the analysis of sediment cores. Developments in providing access to core data and associated datasets, and data-mining technology, in order to integrate and interpret new and legacy datasets within the wider context of sea-floor studies, are also discussed. Despite the great advances in this field, however, challenges remain, particularly in the development of standard measurement and calibration methodologies and in the development of data analysis methods. New data visualization tools and techniques need to be developed to optimize the interpretation process and maximize scientific value. Amplified collaboration environments and tools are needed in order to capitalize on our analysis and interpretation capability of large, multi-parameter datasets. Sophisticated, yet simple to use, searchable Internet databases, with universal access and secure long-term funding, and data products resulting in user-defined data-mining query and display, so far pioneered in the USA and Australia, provide robust models for efficient and effective core data stewardship.

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“…Sequences are not represented by a single pattern of lithofacies across the shelf and onto the slope. Shelf successions are dominated by periodic facies changes that reflect fluctuating sea level, whereas deposition of slope sediments was also influenced by north-traveling Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and their predecessor current systems (e.g., Carter and Gammon, 2004). …”

Section: Core-seismic Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%