New World camelids and Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in Switzerland

Hilbe, Monika; Kaufmann, C.; Zlinszky, K.; Zanolari, Patrik; Ehrensperger, F

doi:10.1024/0036-7281/a000320

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Dysregulation of RAS genes has been associated with ERMS 31. Elevated expression of MET has also been associated with more advanced disease 32,33. Recent studies have also demonstrated that elevated messenger RNA levels, and protein expression of ALK have been associated with ARMS and worse clinical outcome 34,35.…”

Section: Rms Pathology and Tumor Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients: current perspectives

Egas-Bejar¹,

Huh²

2014

AHMT

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Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin, is the third most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children and adolescents. However, in adults, RMS represents <1% of all solid tumor malignancies. The embryonal and alveolar histologic variants are more commonly seen in pediatric patients, while the pleomorphic variant is rare in children and seen more often in adults. Advances in the research of the embryonal and alveolar variants have improved our understanding of certain genes and biologic pathways that are involved in RMS, but much less is known for the other variants. Multimodality therapy that includes surgery and chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment for RMS. Improvements in the risk stratification of the pediatric patients based on presurgical (primary tumor site, tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, presence of metastasis) and postsurgical parameters (completeness of resection or presence of residual disease or metastasis) has allowed for the treatment assignment of patients in different studies and therapeutic trials, leading to increases in 5-year survival from 25%–70% over the past 40 years. However, for adult patients, in great part due to rarity of the disease and the lack of consensus on optimal treatment, clinical outcome is still poor. Many factors have been implicated for the differing outcomes between pediatric RMS versus adult RMS, such as the lack of standardized treatment protocols for adult RMS patients and the increased prevalence of advanced presentations. Now that there are increased numbers of survivors, we can appreciate the sequelae from therapy in these patients, such as bone growth abnormalities, endocrinopathies, and infertility. Improvements in risk stratification have led to clinical trials using lower doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy with the intention of decreasing the incidence of side effects without compromising survival outcome.

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Section: Rms Pathology and Tumor Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients: current perspectives

Egas-Bejar¹,

Huh²

2014

AHMT

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Infectious Agents

Passler

Chamorro

2021

Bovine Reproduction

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Pestiviruses

Schweizer

Peterhans

2014

Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.

107

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Pestiviruses cause economically important diseases among domestic ruminants and pigs, but they may also infect a wide spectrum of wild species of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla). Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Border disease virus of sheep infect their hosts either transiently or persistently. Cellular and humoral immunotolerance to the infecting strain is a unique feature of persistent infection (PI) by ruminant pestiviruses. Persistence, caused by transplacental infection early in fetal development, depends on virally encoded interferon antagonists that inactivate the host's innate immune response to the virus without globally interfering with its function against other viruses. At epidemiological equilibrium, approximately 1-2% of animals are PI. Successful BVDV control programs show that removal of PI animals results in viral extinction in the host population. The nucleotide sequences of ruminant pestiviruses change little during persistent infection. Nevertheless, they display large heterogeneity, pointing to a long history of virus-host coevolution in which avirulent strains are more successful.

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New World camelids and Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) infection in Switzerland

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients: current perspectives

Rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients: current perspectives

Infectious Agents

Pestiviruses

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