New Viral Sequences Identified in the Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Vector Scaphoideus titanus

Ottati, Sara; Chiapello, Marco; Galetto, Luciana; Bosco, Domenico; Marzachı̀, Cristina; Abbà, Simona

doi:10.3390/v12030287

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The four viruses we identified (Foasobemo1, Imsobemo2, Ttaluteo1, and Ntasobemo1) are instead bipartite insect viruses. Viruses present on the tree, like Scaphoideus titanus sobemo-like virus 1 ( 19 ) for clade Alpha, Wuhan heteropteran virus 2 ( 14 ) for clade Beta, and Hubei sobemo-like virus 47 ( 14 ) for clade Gamma, are also insect viruses with bipartite genomes, so official recognition and new names for these new taxa are needed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complexity and Local Specificity of the Virome Associated with Tospovirus-Transmitting Thrips Species

Chiapello

Bosco

Ciuffo

et al. 2021

J Virol

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Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips=WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips=OT) are insect species that greatly impact horticultural crops through direct damage and their efficient vectoring of tomato spotted wilt virus and iris yellow spot virus. In this study we collected thrips of these species from 12 field populations in various regions in Italy. We also included one field population of Neohydatothrips variabilis (soybean thrips=ST) from the U.S.A. Total RNAseq from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to assemble the virome and then we assigned putative viral contigs to each thrips sample by qRT-PCR. Excluding plant and fungal viruses, we were able to identify 61 viral segments, corresponding to 41 viruses: 14 were assigned to WFT, 17 to OT, one from ST and 9 viruses could not be assigned to any species based on our stringent criteria. All these viruses are putative representative of new species (with only the exception of a sobemo-like virus that is 100% identical to a virus recently characterized in ST) and some belong to new higher-ranking taxa. These additions to the viral phylogeny suggest previously undescribed evolutionary niches. Most of the Baltimore’s classes of RNA viruses were present (positive- and minus- strand and dsRNA viruses), but only one DNA virus was identified in our collection. Repeated sampling in a subset of locations in 2019 and 2020 and further virus characterization in a subset of four thrips populations maintained in laboratory allowed us to provide evidence of a locally persistent thrips core virome that characterizes each population. IMPORTANCE Harnessing the insect microbiome can result in new approaches to contain their populations or the damage they cause vectoring viruses of medical, veterinary, or agricultural importance. Persistent insect viruses are a neglected component of their microbiota. Here for the first time, we characterize the virome associated with the two model systems for tospovirus-transmitting thrips species, of utmost importance for the direct and indirect damage they cause to a number of different crops. The thrips virome here characterized includes several novel viruses, that in some cases reveal previously undescribed clades. More importantly, some of the viruses we describe are part of a core virome that is specific and consistently present in distinct geographical locations monitored over the years, hinting at a possible mutualistic symbiotic relationship with their host.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 ). The closest virus on the tree is Scaphoideus titanus toti-like virus 1 ( 19 ), a toti-like virus recently identified in the Flavescence dorée phytoplasma vector Scaphoideus titanus (Ball). All the viruses present in the same clade, with a bootstrap value of 94, are viruses having an insect as a host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity and Local Specificity of the Virome Associated with Tospovirus-Transmitting Thrips Species

Chiapello

Bosco

Ciuffo

et al. 2021

J Virol

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“…At least 100 million 100-nt paired-end reads were obtained for each dataset. The two datasets were merged and the pre-assembly steps were performed using BBTools suite v38.70, as previously described [ 11 ]. BBMap, in particular, was used to remove reads mapping to the Euscelidius variegatus transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA Accession number: GFTU00000000.1) before the assembling step with Trinity v2.9.1 [ 69 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses may be associated with their insect host permanently or transiently, the vast majority of these works have focused on bacterial communities [ 2 , 4 ]. However, more recently, the study of insect virome (inclusive of viruses that infect eukaryotic cells, bacteriophages that infect bacteria, viruses that infect archaea, and virus-derived genetic elements within host chromosomes) is gaining more attention [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage-Host Association in the Phytoplasma Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus

et al. 2021

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Insect vectors transmit viruses and bacteria that can cause severe diseases in plants and economic losses due to a decrease in crop production. Insect vectors, like all other organisms, are colonized by a community of various microorganisms, which can influence their physiology, ecology, evolution, and also their competence as vectors. The important ecological meaning of bacteriophages in various ecosystems and their role in microbial communities has emerged in the past decade. However, only a few phages have been described so far in insect microbiomes. The leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus is a laboratory vector of the phytoplasma causing Flavescence dorée, a severe grapevine disease that threatens viticulture in Europe. Here, the presence of a temperate bacteriophage in E. variegatus (named Euscelidius variegatus phage 1, EVP-1) was revealed through both insect transcriptome analyses and electron microscopic observations. The bacterial host was isolated in axenic culture and identified as the bacterial endosymbiont of E. variegatus (BEV), recently assigned to the genus Candidatus Symbiopectobacterium. BEV harbors multiple prophages that become active in culture, suggesting that different environments can trigger different mechanisms, finely regulating the interactions among phages. Understanding the complex relationships within insect vector microbiomes may help in revealing possible microbe influences on pathogen transmission, and it is a crucial step toward innovative sustainable strategies for disease management in agriculture.

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“…On one hand, the project focuses on the discovery and potential exploitation of phytopathogen-relevant viruses, such as mycoviruses infecting fungi and oomycetes that cause disease in grapevine, or viruses associated with the vector of grapevine Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, 1 as well as insect pests of horticultural importance and insect vectors of tomato, pepper, and onion viral diseases. 2,3 On the other hand, the emphasis lies with bacterial diseases associated with the production of kiwifruit, bean, stone fruit, tomato, and cucumber.…”

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confidence: 99%

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New Viral Sequences Identified in the Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Vector Scaphoideus titanus

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Complexity and Local Specificity of the Virome Associated with Tospovirus-Transmitting Thrips Species

Complexity and Local Specificity of the Virome Associated with Tospovirus-Transmitting Thrips Species

Bacteriophage-Host Association in the Phytoplasma Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus

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