New Views on the Plant Cytoskeleton

Wasteneys, Geoffrey O.; Yang, Zhenbiao

doi:10.1104/pp.104.900133

Cited by 111 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Thus, cortical microtubules dictate cell shape by controlling the alignment of cellulose microfibrils. Microtubules also constitute several cellular structures observed specifically during cell division, including the preprophase band, mitotic spindle fiber, and phragmoplast (Wasteneys and Yang, 2004). Since α-tubulin functions in both cell elongation and cell division, the aberrant cell elongation and division in Tid1-1 mutants can be explained by the defective α-tubulin protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dominant mutation of TWISTED DWARF 1 encoding an .ALPHA.-tubulin protein causes severe dwarfism and right helical growth in rice

et al. 2009

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Dwarfism is a common type of mutation in many plant species. The pathways and factors regulating biosynthesis and signaling of several plant growth regulators have been clarified through analyses of dwarf mutants in rice, Arabidopsis, pea, and maize. However, the genetic mechanisms controlling dwarfism are not well characterized, and the causal genes underlying most dwarf mutants are still uncovered. Here, we report a dominant mutant, Twisted dwarf 1-1 (Tid1-1), showing dwarfism and twisted growth in rice. Tid1-1 exhibit right helical growth of the leaves and stem and shortening of the roots. They also show an increased number of cells in the shoot apical meristem. Cells in the leaves of Tid1-1 are often ill-shapen, possibly owing to irregular cell division. Cell elongation in roots is suppressed in the elongation zone, and cells in the root apical meristem are enlarged. Map-based cloning of TID1 revealed that it encodes an α-tubulin protein comprising microtubules and is an ortholog of Arabidopsis LEFTY genes. Our analysis of the Tid1-1 mutant revealed that the dynamics of microtubules affects not only anisotropic growth in both dicots and monocots, but also meristematic activity and gross plant morphology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dominant mutation of TWISTED DWARF 1 encoding an .ALPHA.-tubulin protein causes severe dwarfism and right helical growth in rice

et al. 2009

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“…The in vivo polymerization of actin in a plant cell will therefore require regulation of the profilin-actin interaction or intervention of an actin nucleation factor. Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome reveals the presence of two universal homologs of actin nucleation-promoting factors, the Arp2/3 complex and FORMINs, although nucleating activity remains to be shown for the Arp2/3 complex (Cvrcková , 2000;Deeks et al, 2002;Deeks and Hussey, 2003;Cvrcková et al, 2004;Smith and Li, 2004;Wasteneys and Yang, 2004). Recently, a recombinant FH1-FH2-Cter fusion protein from AtFH5 was shown to nucleate actin filaments, whereas the FH2-Cter had no such activity (Ingouff et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Arabidopsis plants defective in the expression of several of the subunits show morphological and cytological defects only in specialized cell types, including trichomes, leaf pavement cells, and root hairs (Li et al, 2002;Le et al, 2003;Mathur et al, 2003aMathur et al, , 2003b. One hypothesis arising from these surprising results is that actin polymerization in plant cells is mainly controlled by the large formin family (Wasteneys and Yang, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In plants, the cytoskeleton (i.e., microtubules and actin filaments) has long been known to play a major role in specialized functions during cell division, cell expansion and morphogenesis, or in response to pathogen attack (Staiger, 2000;Wasteneys and Galway, 2003;Staiger and Hussey, 2004;Wasteneys and Yang, 2004). Plant cells respond to a wide range of internal or external stimuli by reorganizing their cytoplasm (Vantard and Blanchoin, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Formin Homology 1 Domain Modulates the Actin Nucleation and Bundling Activity of Arabidopsis FORMIN1

et al. 2005

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The organization of actin filaments into large ordered structures is a tightly controlled feature of many cellular processes. However, the mechanisms by which actin filament polymerization is initiated from the available pool of profilin-bound actin monomers remain unknown in plants. Because the spontaneous polymerization of actin monomers bound to profilin is inhibited, the intervention of an actin promoting factor is required for efficient actin polymerization. Two such factors have been characterized from yeasts and metazoans: the Arp2/3 complex, a complex of seven highly conserved subunits including two actin-related proteins (ARP2 and ARP3), and the FORMIN family of proteins. The recent finding that Arabidopsis thaliana plants lacking a functional Arp2/3 complex exhibit rather modest morphological defects leads us to consider whether the large FORMIN family plays a central role in the regulation of actin polymerization. Here, we have characterized the mechanism of action of Arabidopsis FORMIN1 (AFH1). Overexpression of AFH1 in pollen tubes has been shown previously to induce abnormal actin cable formation. We demonstrate that AFH1 has a unique behavior when compared with nonplant formins. The activity of the formin homology domain 2 (FH2), containing the actin binding activity, is modulated by the formin homology domain 1 (FH1). Indeed, the presence of the FH1 domain switches the FH2 domain from a tight capper (K d ;3.7 nM) able to nucleate actin filaments that grow only in the pointed-end direction to a leaky capper that allows barbed-end elongation and efficient nucleation of actin filaments from actin monomers bound to profilin. Another exciting feature of AFH1 is its ability to bind to the side and bundle actin filaments. We have identified an actin nucleator that is able to organize actin filaments directly into unbranched actin filament bundles. We suggest that AFH1 plays a central role in the initiation and organization of actin cables from the pool of actin monomers bound to profilin.

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“…Actin filaments are the main players in plant cell and pollen grain growth (43). Cofilin is involved in these plant processes (44).…”

Section: Molecular Cancer Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narciclasine, a plant growth modulator, activates Rho and stress fibers in glioblastoma cells

Lefranc

Sauvage

Goietsenoven

et al. 2009

Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

107

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Cell motility and resistance to apoptosis characterize glioblastoma multiforme growth and malignancy. Narciclasine, a plant growth modulator, could represent a powerful new weapon targeting the Achilles' heel of glioblastoma multiforme and may offer the potential to better combat these devastating malignancies. The in vitro effects of narciclasine on cell proliferation, morphology, actin cytoskeleton organization, and the Rho/Rho kinase/LIM kinase/cofilin pathway and its antitumor activity in vivo have been determined in models of human glioblastoma multiforme. Narciclasine impairs glioblastoma multiforme growth by markedly decreasing mitotic rates without inducing apoptosis. The compound also modulates the Rho/Rho kinase/LIM kinase/cofilin signaling pathway, greatly increasing GTPase RhoA activity as well as inducing actin stress fiber formation in a RhoA-dependent manner. Lastly, the treatment of human glioblastoma multiforme orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice with nontoxic doses of narciclasine significantly increased their survival.Narciclasine antitumor effects were of the same magnitude as those of temozolomide, the drug associated with the highest therapeutic benefits in treating glioblastoma multiforme patients. Our results show for the first time that narciclasine, a plant growth modulator, activates Rho and stress fibers in glioblastoma multiforme cells and significantly increases the survival of human glioblastoma multiforme preclinical models. This statement is made despite the recognition that to date, irrespective of treatment, no single glioblastoma multiforme patient has been cured.

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New Views on the Plant Cytoskeleton

Cited by 111 publications

References 103 publications

A dominant mutation of TWISTED DWARF 1 encoding an .ALPHA.-tubulin protein causes severe dwarfism and right helical growth in rice

A dominant mutation of TWISTED DWARF 1 encoding an .ALPHA.-tubulin protein causes severe dwarfism and right helical growth in rice

The Formin Homology 1 Domain Modulates the Actin Nucleation and Bundling Activity of Arabidopsis FORMIN1

Narciclasine, a plant growth modulator, activates Rho and stress fibers in glioblastoma cells

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