New vectors that are early feeders for Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malaria parasites in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Ang, Joshua Xin De; Yaman, Khatijah; Kadir, Khamisah Abdul; Matusop, Asmad; Singh, Balbir

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86107-3

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…collessi and An. roperi from the Umbrosus Group 43 as the new additional vector of P. knowlesi in Malaysian Borneo. Based on the blood-seeking preference of An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood meal analysis of Anopheles vectors of simian malaria based on laboratory and field studies

Jeyaprakasam

Low

Liew

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Blood feeding and host-seeking behaviors of a mosquito play an imperative role in determining its vectorial capacity in transmitting pathogens. Unfortunately, limited information is available regarding blood feeding behavior of Anopheles species in Malaysia. Collection of resting Anopheles mosquitoes for blood meal analysis poses a great challenge especially for forest dwelling mosquitoes. Therefore, a laboratory-based study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of mosquitoes caught using human landing catch (HLC) for blood meal analysis, and subsequently to document blood feeding behavior of local Anopheles mosquitoes in Peninsular Malaysia. The laboratory-based experiment from this study revealed that mosquitoes caught using HLC had the potential to be used for blood meal analysis. Besides HLC, mosquitoes were also collected using manual aspirator and Mosquito Magnet. Overall, 47.4% of 321 field-caught Anopheles mosquitoes belonging to six species were positive for vertebrate host DNA in their blood meal. The most frequent blood meal source was human (45.9%) followed by wild boar (27.4%), dog (15.3%) and monkey (7.5%). Interestingly, only Anopheles cracens and Anopheles introlatus (Leucosphyrus Group) fed on monkey. This study further confirmed that members of the Leucosphyrus Group are the predominant vectors for knowlesi malaria transmission in Peninsular Malaysia mainly due to their simio-anthropophagic feeding behavior.

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“…collessi and An. roperi from the Umbrosus Group 43 as the new additional vector of P. knowlesi in Malaysian Borneo. Based on the blood-seeking preference of An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood meal analysis of Anopheles vectors of simian malaria based on laboratory and field studies

Jeyaprakasam

Low

Liew

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…cracens (25), An. introlatus (30) and An. latens (23), as well as with other mosquito species (two each of An.…”

Section: Multiplex Pcr Assay For Four Anopheles Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…introlatus had been mistakenly recognised as An. latens morphologically [30]. Both species occur sympatrically and are difficult to be identified morphologically [17,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex PCR Assay for the Identification of Four Species of the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Sub-Group in Malaysia

Pramasivan

Liew

Jeyaprakasam

et al. 2022

Insects

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The Leucosphyrus Group of mosquitoes are the major simian malaria vectors in Malaysia. Accurate species identification is required to help in curbing the spread of simian malaria. The aim of the study is to provide an accurate molecular method for identifying the four important Anopheles vector species found in Malaysia. Mosquito specimens were collected from various localities in Malaysia, where simian malaria cases were reported. DNA from 122 mosquito specimens was tested to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The specificity of this assay was tested against other mosquito species. Molecular identification of the species was further confirmed by analysing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA region of the specimens. Anopheles balabacensis and An. latens showed two distinct clades in the phylogenetic tree. The multiplex PCR assay was developed based on the ITS2 region for the identification of Anopheles introlatus (298–299 bp), Anopheles latens (197–198 bp), Anopheles cracens (421–426 bp), and Anopheles balabacensis (224–228 bp). This method will be useful to accurately identify the major Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group species in Malaysia, which are difficult to identify morphologically, to determine the correct vector as well as its geographical distribution.

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“…3 15-17 Social gatherings and other activities that are performed before bedtime can increase the risk of mosquito bites. [18][19][20] Furthermore, ITNs are not effective when communities do not use them throughout the night. 19 P. knowlesi vectors are typically exophagic, exophilic and bite early during the night-time, thus indoor-based interventions are unlikely to provide sufficient protection.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the key anthropological drivers of and barriers to zoonotic malaria preventative behaviour in a community exposed to Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Malaysia: protocol for a qualitative study with a participatory research design

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPlasmodium knowlesi malaria is a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease with complex epidemiology. According to the WHO, the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases require community participation to increase coherence between malaria interventions and sustainable public health programmes. We describe a participatory research (PR) design for a study aimed at exploring the key anthropological drivers of and barriers to zoonotic malaria preventive behaviour among communities exposed to P. knowlesi infection in Malaysia. Participatory approaches can facilitate policymakers in designing future zoonotic malaria control programmes by investigating community perspectives and concerns about zoonotic malaria in a local context.Methods and analysisThe PR will be conducted over a period of 12 months, from March 2022 to March 2023, among adults (>18 years old) who are permanent residents in a rural village exposed to P. knowlesi malaria in Sabah, Malaysia. We will select patients who were diagnosed with P. knowlesi infection from January to December 2021 for focus group discussions (FGDs), as they can provide perspectives on the disease from the point of view of those previously diagnosed with infection. In-depth interviews (IDIs) with people of importance in the community, such as village heads, will also be conducted. Both FGDs and IDIs will be conducted from March 2022 until June 2022. Concurrently, a photovoice with adults over 18 years old who reside in the community will be conducted. The target sample sizes for FGDs, IDIs and photovoice are 6–8, 12 and 10–15 participants, respectively. We will use a study framework as a theoretical lens to guide the exploration of the beliefs, social contexts, barriers and drivers surrounding zoonotic malaria preventive behaviour.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee Ministry of Health Malaysia (NMRR ID-21-01980-JEH) and the Research and Innovation Secretariat, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (FF-2021-462). All participants will provide consent prior to participation. The results will be reported in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences and on other platforms.

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New vectors that are early feeders for Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malaria parasites in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Blood meal analysis of Anopheles vectors of simian malaria based on laboratory and field studies

Blood meal analysis of Anopheles vectors of simian malaria based on laboratory and field studies

Multiplex PCR Assay for the Identification of Four Species of the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Sub-Group in Malaysia

Exploring the key anthropological drivers of and barriers to zoonotic malaria preventative behaviour in a community exposed to Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Malaysia: protocol for a qualitative study with a participatory research design

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