“…In this vein, several studies compared cul-de-sacs-streets with one way in or out-with other street types (Armitage, 2007;Beavon et al, 1994;Bevis and Nutter, 1977;Block and Davis, 1996;Hakim et al, 2001;Johnson and Bowers, 2010;Mirrlees-Black et al, 1998;Rengert and Hakim, 1998). Although the research findings are diverse, and the mixed result pattern may arise partly from studies spanning rural versus urban versus suburban contexts (Cozens, 2008), moderate support for the enclosure position emerges from the work. For example, proximity to larger roads seems to increase crime risk (Cromwell et al, 1991).…”