New understanding of crystal control and facet selectivity of titanium dioxide ruling photocatalytic performance

Abstract

TiO2 with arbitrarily tunable facets is directly grown onto the conductive substrate. H+ promotes the growth of the high energy {001} facet rather than F−.

The Synchronization of Electron Enricher and Electron Extractor as Ternary Composite Photoanode for Enhancement of DSSC Performance

“…It was found that when HF concentration was increased, the thickness of TiO 2{001} particles was decreased, while the lateral size of particles increased (Figures 1(a)−1(c)). This result is in agreement with our recent report [19]. In addition, the platelet TiO 2{001} particles were transformed to a hierarchical sheet-like structure and tended to aggregate, forming stacked hierarchical particles when HF/Ti ratio was reached to 3 and 4, respectively (Figures 1(c) and 1(d)).…”

Effects of Matching Facet Pairs of TiO2 on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Behaviors

“…The recent understanding on the true factors controlling the formation of low-index facets of TiO 2 reported by Butburee et al [17] has enabled the comprehensive matching of low-index facets in this work. The facile hydrothermal synthesis using tetrabutyl titanate (TTBT) as a Ti 4 + source, ammonium hexafluorotitanate (AFT) as an F À source, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as an H + source was employed to successfully grow TiO 2 crystal with controllable facets onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate.…”

“…The recent understanding on the true factors controlling the formation of low‐index facets of TiO 2 reported by Butburee et al . has enabled the comprehensive matching of low‐index facets in this work.…”

“…This is because the increase in H + concentration reduces the surface energy of {001} facet to be lower than that of {101} facet, limiting the crystal growth along [001] and causing a larger percentage of {001} facet. [17,19] The samples resulted from these synthetic conditions have been assigned as {101}-{001}-2 and {101}-{001}-3, respectively. On the other hand, the particles are constructed by rectangle {010} and square {001} facets with an interfacial angle of 90°when the amount of F À in the system was increased (AFT was increased from 400 mg to 600 mg), as shown in the lower row of Figure 1a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 and 62.6 (PDF-01-070-8505), respectively.…”

“…TiO 2 was simply grown on the FTO substrates via the hydrothermal method reported by our group recently. [17] Firstly, the desired amount of DI water and 37 % HCl (Carlo Erba) was mixed in a polypropylene bottle under mechanical stirring. Then, ammonium hexafluorotitanate (IV) (AFT, Acros Organic) was added into the solution.…”