New types of human papillomaviruses and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies: a classification of inclusion warts according to clinical features, histology and associated HPV types

Egawa, Kiyofumi

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02894.x

Cited by 60 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The E4 proteins of many papillomaviruses form intracellular structures that are characteristic of the infecting virus type. While this is particularly evident in lesions caused by HPV1 and HPV4 (38), it has been suggested that most cutaneous viruses form some sort of cytoplasmic inclusion (32,46,47,70). By contrast, the E4 proteins of human mucosal viruses do not produce inclusions (19,21,40,42,81).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Life Cycle Heterogeneity in Animal Models of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Disease

Peh

Middleton

Christensen

et al. 2002

J Virol

150

171

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Animal papillomaviruses are widely used as models to study papillomavirus infection in humans despite differences in genome organization and tissue tropism. Here, we have investigated the extent to which animal models of papillomavirus infection resemble human disease by comparing the life cycles of 10 different papillomavirus types. Three phases in the life cycles of all viruses were apparent using antibodies that distinguish between early events, the onset of viral genome amplification, and the expression of capsid proteins. The initiation of these phases follows a highly ordered pattern that appears important for the production of virus particles. The viruses examined included canine oral papillomavirus, rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV), cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV), bovine papillomavirus type 1, and human papillomavirus types 1, 2, 11, and 16. Each papillomavirus type showed a distinctive gene expression pattern that could be explained in part by differences in tissue tropism, transmission route, and persistence. As the timing of life cycle events affects the accessibility of viral antigens to the immune system, the ideal model system should resemble human mucosal infection if vaccine design is to be effective. Of the model systems examined here, only ROPV had a tissue tropism and a life cycle organization that resembled those of the human mucosal types. ROPV appears most appropriate for studies of the life cycles of mucosal papillomavirus types and for the development of prophylactic vaccines. The persistence of abortive infections caused by CRPV offers advantages for the development of therapeutic vaccines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Life Cycle Heterogeneity in Animal Models of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Disease

Peh

Middleton

Christensen

et al. 2002

J Virol

150

171

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“…These studies utilized different detection methods, such as general primermediated PCR followed by HPV typing with direct sequencing (12,15) or by restriction enzyme cleavage of the PCR product (18). Other methods employed were multiple-type-specific PCR combined with direct sequencing (3), in situ hybridization (8), and (Southern) blot hybridization (6,10). Although these methods are in general type specific, they are time-consuming and therefore less suitable for large scale-epidemiological studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Novel Broad-Spectrum PCR-Multiplex Genotyping Assay for Identification of Cutaneous Wart-Associated Human Papillomavirus Types

Koning

Schegget

Eekhof³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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A large number of human papillomavirus (HPV) types, distributed over five papillomavirus genera, are detectable in the skin. HPV types belonging to the alpha, gamma, and mu genera have been detected in cutaneous warts. A state-of-the-art HPV genotyping assay for these cutaneous wart-associated HPV types does not exist although warts constitute a highly prevalent skin condition, especially in children (33%) and organ transplant recipients (45%). Cutaneous warts are again the focus of attention as their clinical relevance rises with the increasing number of chronically immunosuppressed patients. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a DNA-based genotyping system for all known cutaneous wart-related HPV types using PCR and Luminex xMAP technology. The broad-spectrum PCR amplified DNA of all known wart-associated HPV types from the genera alpha (HPVs 2, 3, 7, 10, 27, 28, 29, 40, 43, 57, 77, 91, and 94), gamma (HPVs 4, 65, 95, 48, 50, 60, and 88), mu (HPVs 1 and 63), and nu (HPV41). The probes were evaluated using plasmid HPV DNA and a panel of 45 previously characterized cutaneous wart biopsy specimens showing high specificity. HPV was also identified in 96% of 100 swabs from nongenital cutaneous warts. HPV types 1, 2, 27, and 57 were the most prevalent HPV types detected in 89% of the swabs. In conclusion, this Luminex-based genotyping system identifies all known cutaneous wart HPV types including phylogenetically related types, is highly HPV type specific, and is suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies.Papillomaviruses (PV) constitute a group of viruses associated with benign and malignant proliferative lesions of cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. The taxonomic family of PV includes 16 genera (5). More than 100 human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been fully sequenced. The number of HPV types that are not yet fully characterized is probably much larger. HPV types, distributed over five genera (alpha, beta, gamma, mu, and nu) and 16 species, infect the skin (5). HPV types belonging to species of three genera (alpha, gamma, and mu) have most frequently been detected in hyperkeratotic skin lesions (warts).The alphapapillomavirus (alpha-PV) types infecting the genital mucosa (e.g., HPV16, HPV18, HPV6, and HPV11) are the best understood. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most prevalent types involved in the pathogenesis of anogenital (e.g., cervical) cancer, and HPV types 6 and 11 cause genital warts and laryngeal papillomas. The alpha-PV types belonging to species 2, 4, and 8, which have been detected in cutaneous warts, have been studied less thoroughly. At present the most frequently detected alpha-PV types in cutaneous warts are HPV types 2, 3, 10, 27, and 57 (3, 10, 12-16, 18, 19). Gamma-PV types, including HPV4, HPV60, and HPV65, have also regularly been detected in cutaneous warts (4,10,12,15). Mu-PV types, HPV1 and HPV63, have also been detected in cutaneous warts (7). HPV types included in the beta and nu genera have rarely been detected in cutaneous warts. Only Harwood and coworkers (13) hav...

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“…In the case of HPV 60, the inclusion bodies are similar but have a much rounder shape and no edema in the nucleus [17]. In contrast, not all of the other HPV subtypes are associated with inclusion bodies; when present, inclusion bodies are characterized by eosinophilic bodies and not by a homogeneous substance [21]. …”

Section: Pigmented Wartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations of the Human Papillomavirus

Arrabal-Polo¹,

Girón-Prieto²,

JacintoOrgaz-Molina³

et al. 2013

Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases From Bench to Bedside a Diagnostic and Preventive Perspective

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New types of human papillomaviruses and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies: a classification of inclusion warts according to clinical features, histology and associated HPV types

Cited by 60 publications

References 19 publications

Life Cycle Heterogeneity in Animal Models of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Disease

Life Cycle Heterogeneity in Animal Models of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Disease

Evaluation of a Novel Broad-Spectrum PCR-Multiplex Genotyping Assay for Identification of Cutaneous Wart-Associated Human Papillomavirus Types

Clinical Manifestations of the Human Papillomavirus

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