New Tools for Studying Macrophage Polarization: Application to Bacterial Infections

Mezouar, Soraya; Mège, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.5772/intechopen.92666

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The interaction of viruses like SARS-CoV-2 with macrophages induces their activation, which may lead to tissue damage and severe disease via the production of inflammatory and toxic mediators ( 9 ). As we previously demonstrated, macrophage activation can be stratified into M1 and M2 states using a combination of markers ( 11 , 43 , 44 ). It was recently reported that polarized M1 and M2 macrophages presented an inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection ( 45 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages and γδ T cells interplay during SARS-CoV-2 variants infection

et al. 2022

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IntroductionThe emergence of several SARS-CoV-2 variants during the COVID pandemic has revealed the impact of variant diversity on viral infectivity and host immune responses. While antibodies and CD8 T cells are essential to clear viral infection, the protective role of innate immunity including macrophages has been recognized. The aims of our study were to compare the infectivity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and to assess their activation profiles and the role of ACE2 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), the main SARS-CoV-2 receptor. We also studied the ability of macrophages infected to affect other immune cells such as γδ2 T cells, another partner of innate immune response to viral infections.ResultsWe showed that the SARS-CoV-2 variants α-B.1.1.7 (United Kingdom), β-B.1.351 (South Africa), γ-P.1 (Brazil), δ-B.1.617 (India) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron), infected MDM without replication, the γ-Brazil variant exhibiting increased infectivity for MDM. No clear polarization profile of SARS-CoV-2 variants-infected MDM was observed. The β-B.1.351 (South Africa) variant induced macrophage activation while B.1.1.529 (Omicron) was rather inhibitory. We observed that SARS-CoV-2 variants modulated ACE2 expression in MDM. In particular, the β-B.1.351 (South Africa) variant induced a higher expression of ACE2, related to MDM activation. Finally, all variants were able to activate γδ2 cells among which γ-P.1 (Brazil) and β-B.1.351 (South Africa) variants were the most efficient.ConclusionOur data show that SARS-CoV-2 variants can infect MDM and modulate their activation, which was correlated with the ACE2 expression. They also affect γδ2 T cell activation. The macrophage response to SARS-CoV-2 variants was stereotypical.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages and γδ T cells interplay during SARS-CoV-2 variants infection

et al. 2022

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“…Indeed, some viruses are able to inhibit production of nitric oxide [38][39][40][41] or pro-inflammatory cytokines [42][43][44], suppress antigen presentation [45][46][47][48], or simply modulate the signaling pathways associated with polarization by inducing M2 phenotype [8,[49][50][51]. We previously addressed the role of macrophage polarization in bacterial infections [7,52]; the aim of the present talk is to assess the role of macrophage polarization in viral infections by selecting typical viral infections.…”

Section: Viral Infectious Diseases In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage Polarization in Viral Infectious Diseases: Confrontation with the Reality

Atmeh¹,

Mezouar²,

Mège³

2022

Macrophages - Celebrating 140 Years of Discovery

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The role of macrophages in viral infections is well documented. Their activation status also called macrophage polarization categorized by the dichotomy of M1 and M2 phenotype remained poorly investigated. Recent studies have shown the complexity of macrophage polarization in response to viral infection and the limits of its use in infected individuals. The aim of this chapter is to reappraise the concept of macrophage polarization in viral infectious diseases, which are more complicated than the models of macrophage-virus interaction. If this concept has been largely used to describe activation status of myeloid cells in experimental conditions, it has to be assessed in light of high-throughput technologies at molecular and phenotypic levels. We update knowledge on macrophage polarization in viral infectious diseases with a special attention for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leading to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hence, we propose an overview of the concept of macrophages as targets for therapeutic intervention in viral infectious disease. Finally, we tempted to focus our approach on patient investigation restricting the use of in vitro experiments and animal models to mechanistic questions.

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“…Macrophages can be categorized into M1 or M2 profile according their inflammatory and immunoregulation role, respectively. 10,16 As pregnancy has been proposed to regulate a dynamic immunologic process, 17 a successful pregnancy requires a regulation of macrophage activation status during the different trimesters of pregnancy. 18 Dysregulation of macrophages from placenta has been associated to several pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, chorioamnionitis and infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These functions are mediated by the ability of macrophages to modulate their inflammatory profile or their polarization profile through their high plasticity. Macrophages can be categorized into M1 or M2 profile according their inflammatory and immunoregulation role, respectively 10,16 . As pregnancy has been proposed to regulate a dynamic immunologic process, 17 a successful pregnancy requires a regulation of macrophage activation status during the different trimesters of pregnancy 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective role of macrophages from maternal–fetal interface in unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 pregnant women

Gay,

Madariaga Zarza,

Abou Atmeh

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Pregnant women represent a high‐risk population for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. The presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been reported in placenta from infected pregnant women, but whether the virus influences placenta immune response remains unclear. We investigated the properties of maternal–fetal interface macrophages (MFMs) in a cohort of unvaccinated women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during their pregnancy. We reported an infiltration of CD163+ macrophages in placenta from COVID‐19 women 19 whereas lymphoid compartment was not affected. Isolated MFMs exhibited nonpolarized activated signature (NOS2, IDO1, IFNG, TNF, TGFB) mainly in women infected during the second trimester of pregnancy. COVID‐19 during pregnancy primed MFM to produce type I and III interferon response to SARS‐CoV‐2 (Wuhan and δ strains), that were unable to elicit this in MFMs from healthy pregnant women. COVID‐19 also primed SARS‐CoV‐2 internalization by MFM in an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2‐dependent manner. Activation and recall responses of MFMs were influenced by fetal sex. Collectively, these findings support a role for MFMs in the local immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, provide a basis for protective placental immunity in COVID‐19, and highlight the interest of vaccination in pregnant women.

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New Tools for Studying Macrophage Polarization: Application to Bacterial Infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 86 publications

Macrophages and γδ T cells interplay during SARS-CoV-2 variants infection

Macrophages and γδ T cells interplay during SARS-CoV-2 variants infection

Macrophage Polarization in Viral Infectious Diseases: Confrontation with the Reality

Protective role of macrophages from maternal–fetal interface in unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 pregnant women

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