“…Compared to face-to-face instruction, online education is not constrained by location or time, can be tailored to fit the learning pace of each student, and is a suitable conduit for lifelong learning. However, it also has its drawbacks, such as high dropout rates, absence of personal touch, and the lack of motivation by students to participate when it is not required by the instructors (Williams, 2010). In conventional face-to-face learning environments, skilled tutors pay as much attention and spend as much time helping students achieve affective goals, as they do to help them achieve cognitive and informational ones (Lepper & Chabay, 1988).…”