New Three-Phase Inductive FCL With Common Core and Trifilar Windings

Analysis of the effect of location and failure rates of fault current limiters on substations reliability

“…High fault current leads to destructive mechanical and electrical effects on the system. If this current exceeds the ratings of existing circuit breakers (Bs), these breakers should be replaced with higher capacity Bs, which impose extra cost on the system . Implementation of fault current limiter (FCL) is a new method used to overcome these problems.…”

“…In the stuck failure mode, there is a fault in the system, but because of a problem in the internal system of FCLs, no impedance enters the circuit, and hence, the fault current does not decrease . The main reason for using FCL is to reduce the fault current to under maximum capacity of components, especially in Bs . However, FCLs can have negative or positive effects on the system.…”

“…These limitations are as follows: Adding any component to the system can change the system's reliability because of its failure rate. In a number of studies, it is assumed that the FCLs are completely reliable and their failure rate has been ignored in the calculations. The fault current reduction due to using FCL can reduce thermal and mechanical tensions on the network components . This may reduce the failure rate of the components .…”

Controllable resistive type fault current limiter (CR-FCL) with frequency and pulse duty-cycle

“…In addition, to achieve more reliability of power networks and proper response for increasing power demand, growth of power generation systems is expected. So, the available fault current levels may exceed the maximum short circuit rating of power system equipments [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Main idea of the controllable resistive type fault current limiter (CR-FCL) is to generate the controllable resistance by the simple switching method for two main applications: (1) limiting the fault current level to the desired value and (2) inserting optimal value of resistance in the power system to reach maximum transient stability along fault current limitation. The proposed structure does not need the large non-superconducting reactor.…”