Thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ) is assumed to contribute to the development of diabetes complications, including nephropathy. We investigated whether the selective thromboxaneprostanoid endoperoxide receptor antagonist, S18886, ameliorates renal damage in uninephrectomized (UNX) obese Zucker rats (OZR). S18886, at doses of 10 (S18886-10) and 30 (S18886-30) mg â
kg Ű1 â
day Ű1 , was administered to UNX-OZR by gavage over 8 weeks (n â«Ű⏠8 each group). UNX lean rats (n â«Ű⏠12) and OZR rats that received placebo (OZR-PLAC, n â«Ű⏠8) served as controls. As compared with the OZR-PLAC, S18886 had no significant effect on the elevated blood pressure and the enhanced creatinine clearance, while augmented proteinuria was partially prevented (Ű12 and Ű37%, low and high dose, respectively; NS). The increased excretion of transforming growth factor †1 (TGF-†1 ) and of the thromboxane metabolite 2,3-dinor thromboxane B 2 (TxB 2 ) was lowered (P < 0.05). S18886 prevented both the enhanced mesangiolysis (P < 0.01) in the OZR-PLAC as well as enlargement and degeneration of podocytes. In the blood, S18886-30 augmented the antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.01) and lessened the increase of plasma advanced oxidation protein products (Ű25%, NS). Body weight, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia remained uninfluenced under both doses of treatment. S18886 has renoprotective properties in the model of UNX-OZR. It prevents mesangiolysis, reduces urinary TGF-†1 and 2,3-dinor-TxB 2 excretion, and enhances the antioxidative defense. Diabetes 56:968 -974, 2007