New ternary blend limestone calcined clay cement for solidification/stabilization of zinc contaminated soil

Reddy, Vemula A.; Solanki, C. H.; Kumar, Shailendra; Reddy, Krishna R.; Du, Yao

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.051

Cited by 47 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Further, the binder LC 3 was procured from Technological Action and Rural Advancement (TARA), Delhi, India and the major oxides present were CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 of 61.4%, 24.38%, 6.52%, and 4.31%. In addition, the remaining physicochemical parameters of soil and chemical composition of LC 3 binder used in the study can be found in authors' previous study [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the binder plays a key role in the S/S process, and the development of novel binders has gained special attention recently, specifically low carbon/cost binders. In a previous study, the authors revealed that partial replacement of calcined clay (CC) and limestone (LS) with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has better immobilization efficiency for Zn-contaminated soils (Reddy et al [21]). In addition, various hydration products, such as portlandite, ettringite, tri-calcium silicate, and wulfingite, were found to be responsible for the immobilization of Zn-contaminated soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a new ternary blend known as limestone-calcined clay cement LC 3 was successfully demonstrated in the authors' previous study on Zn-contaminated soils [21]. LC 3 is known as a low-carbon and low-cost binder since the production process involves replacement of low grade calcined clays (CC) and limestone (LS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

et al. 2020

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Due to increased carbon emissions, the use of low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materials that are sustainable and effective are gaining considerable attention recently for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of contaminated soils. The current study presents the laboratory investigation of low-carbon/cost cementitious material known as limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) for the potential S/S of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils. The S/S performance of the LC3 binder on Zn- and Pb-contaminated soil was determined via pH, compressive strength, toxicity leaching, chemical speciation, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses. The results indicate that immobilization efficiency of Zn and Pb was solely dependent on the pH of the soil. In fact, with the increase in the pH values after 14 days, the compressive strength was increased to 2.5–3 times compared to untreated soil. The S/S efficiency was approximately 88% and 99%, with increase in the residual phases up to 67% and 58% for Zn and Pb, respectively, after 28 days of curing. The increase in the immobilization efficiency and strength was supported by the XRPD analysis in forming insoluble metals hydroxides such as zincwoodwardite, shannonite, portlandite, haturite, anorthite, ettringite (Aft), and calcite. Therefore, LC3 was shown to offer green and sustainable remediation of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils, while the treated soil can also be used as safe and environmentally friendly construction material.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

et al. 2020

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“…Cement-based stabilisation/solidification (S/S) is a widely accepted and reliable technology for soil remediation and hazardous waste treatment via chemical fixation and physical encapsulation of toxic or hazardous components [10][11][12]. Cementation of toxic or hazardous wastes offers advantages over other solidification approaches, such as low cost, ease of use, rapid waste processing, and high durability [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of zinc in metakaolin-based geopolymers

Wang

Geddes

Walkley

et al. 2020

Cement and Concrete Research

116

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Geopolymers are low-calcium, sustainable cementitious materials. The role of Zn, a known retardant used in Portland cement, in geopolymer systems is not well understood. This study scrutinises the effect of Zn on metakaolin-based geopolymer reaction mechanisms and kinetics, and investigates the incorporation mechanism of Zn in geopolymer gels. Isothermal calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses show that substitution of ZnO (20 mol.% c.f. metakaolin) significantly hinders reaction, likely due to preferential formation of a Na/K-Zn containing phase. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy shows that Zn 2+ partially substitutes for Na + /K + in charge-balancing sites within the geopolymer gel. Setting time and leaching tests show that the retarding effect of Zn on reaction kinetics is significantly greater in Na-activated geopolymers compared with K-activated geopolymers, whereas Naactivated geopolymers exhibit superior fixation capacity to Zn. A lab-scale experiment 2 demonstrates that metakaolin-based geopolymers are promising candidates for the stabilisation/solidification of Zn-rich hazardous waste.

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“…In recent years, scholars have created more and more new composite cement or composite materials as stabilizers, and their properties have been studied, such as the influence of CaO on the strength of lead-contaminated soil solidified by ettringite (17), the mechanical and micro-mechanism properties of lead-contaminated soil solidified by magnesium phosphate cement (18,19), static triaxial mechanical properties of new cement soil reinforced with polypropylene fiber (20), and the influence of a new type of limestone-calcined clay-cement (LC 3 ) on zinc-contaminated soil (21); the materials mentioned above all have the potential for excellent solidification effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study on Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Nickel–Copper-Contaminated Soil Solidified by Cement, Fly Ash and Desulfurization Gypsum Under Carbonization Condition

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

Transportation Research Record

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The engineering characteristics of remediated soil are easily affected by CO2 erosion in nature. However, there are limited investigations on the mechanical and microscopic properties of heavy metal-contaminated soil. This study introduces effect of accelerated carbonization on the mechanical and microscopic properties of nickel–copper-contaminated soil, and the soil has been treated with a novel curing agent, formed by mixing cement, fly ash and desulfurization gypsum (CFG). The objective of the study is to ascertain CO2 erosion resistance of nickel–copper-contaminated soil solidified by CFG. Using unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, carbonization depth, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, the sample’s characteristics are investigated under different carbonization times and heavy metal ion concentrations. The results demonstrate that the UCS of samples of Ni0Cu0, Ni0.02, and Ni0.4 decrease with the increasing carbonization time, while that of Ni1, Cu1, and Ni1Cu1 increase initially and then decrease; in addition, when the concentration of heavy metals is lower, the effect of carbonization on UCS of samples is more significant. Moreover, the carbonization depth of samples increases with the increasing carbonization time, and the prediction model is given. Furthermore, the microscopic analysis demonstrates that calcium carbonate is the main carbonization product. The decomposition of hydrated calcium silicate gel leads to poor integrity of the structure and more pores produced in samples, which is the main reason for the decrease of the UCS in the process of carbonization. The outcomes of this investigation provide a reference for the durability in practical engineering of heavy metal-contaminated soil solidified by CFG.

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New ternary blend limestone calcined clay cement for solidification/stabilization of zinc contaminated soil

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

The role of zinc in metakaolin-based geopolymers

Study on Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Nickel–Copper-Contaminated Soil Solidified by Cement, Fly Ash and Desulfurization Gypsum Under Carbonization Condition

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