New technologies, standards, and maintenance methods in spacer cable systems

Optimising Energy Management in Hybrid Microgrids

“…where S max , is the maximum apparent power in per unit (pu) that can circulate through each line, i max , is the maximum current that can pass through the conductor and v x is the voltage at bus n or m. The manufacturers provide the maximum current limit because the limiting factor is the temperature of the conductor due to the heat caused by the passage of the current. The model of the conductors is given by the standards and technical requirements that can be found in the technical literature [36], and the value of the maximum current in [37,38], which is 285 A for underground conductors (20 C ambient temperature). This is what is known as the thermal limit of the conductors and is a factor to be considered in lines shorter than 80 km, as is the case; while between 80 and 320 km the limiting factor is the voltage drop, in lines longer than 320 km it is the stability of the angle [34].…”