New Technologies for Use in the Surveillance and Control of Yaws

Perine, Peter L.; Nelson, Jordan; Lewis, Jenny; Liska, Sally; Hunter, Elizabeth F.; Larsen, Sandra A.; Agadzi, V. K.; Kofi, F.; Ofori, J. A. K.; Tam, Milton R.; Lovett, Michael

doi:10.1093/clinids/7-supplement_2.s295

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Therefore, any titer of Ͼ8 is indicative of sexually acquired syphilis for adults from these regions (61,115). Likewise, a titer of Ն8 in a child suggests a resurgence of yaws in these particular areas (154).…”

Section: Other Treponematosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis

1995

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The lack of a method for demonstrating the presence of Treponema pallidum by growth necessitates the use of alternative methods. Traditionally, these methods are divided into direct detection methods (animal inoculation, dark-field microscopy, etc.) and serologic tests for the presence of patient antibody against T. pallidum. Serologic methods are further divided into two classes. One class, the nontreponemal tests, detects antibodies to lipoidal antigens present in either the host or T. pallidum; examples are the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and rapid plasma reagin and tests. Reactivity in these tests generally indicates host tissue damage that may not be specific for syphilis. Because these tests are easy and inexpensive to perform, they are commonly used for screening, and with proper clinical signs they are suggestive of syphilis. The other class of test, the treponemal tests, uses specific treponemal antigens. Confirmation of infection requires a reactive treponemal test. Examples of the treponemal tests are the microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to T. pallidum and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. These tests are more expensive and complicated to perform than the nontreponemal tests. On the horizon are a number of direct antigen, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and PCR techniques. Several of these techniques have shown promise in clinical trials for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis and neurosyphilis that are presently difficult to diagnose.

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Section: Other Treponematosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis

1995

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“…se continuarán haciendo registros de casos falsos positivos y no se certificará la incidencia real. Esta vigilanciase debe hacer con un procedimiento fácil, de bajo costo y eficiente, como es la toma de muestra de sangre total con papel de filtro, que cualquier auxiliar de campo puede tomar y que es posible remitir por correo a un centro donde se realice la serología (14,15). Este sistema de vigilancia se debe integrar a la atención primaria de cada localidad, como lo han hecho algunos investigadores en las islas Solomon (1 9); además, se debe acompañar de la administración de tratamiento con penicilina benzatínica (4,5,(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Encuesta seroepidemiológica de pian en la Costa Pacífica colombiana

Restrepo

Orozco³

et al. 2001

biomedica

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El pian ha sido endémico en la Costa Pacífica colombiana, pero actualmente su frecuencia real es desconocida, razón por la cual se realizó un estudio en las comunidades de esta zona del país donde se habían conocido casos de pian. Se hizo búsqueda activa de casos clínicos sospechosos a través de examen físico de personas con problemas dermatológicos; a todos ellos se les practicaron exámenes serológicos de VDRL y FTA-ABS. Por cada caso clínico sospechoso de pian, se estudiaron -por clínica y serologia -4 contactos intradomiciliarios y 42 contactos extradomiciliarios. De las 1.830 personas examinadas, sólo 6 fueron reactivas a las pruebas de VDRL y FTA-ABS, lo cual representa una prevalencia de treponematosis de 0,3%. Ninguna de las pruebas serológicas fue reactiva en los casos clínicos sospechosos de pian. Esto nos lleva a concluir que, en la Costa Pacífica colombiana, el pian no es un problema de salud pública y que se registran como pian otras enfermedades cuando el diagnóstico tiene sólo bases clínicas.Palabras clave: treponematosis, pian, seroepidemiología. Yaws seroepidemiological survey in the Pacific Coast of ColombiaYaws has been endemic in the Pacific Coast of Colombia, but the actual prevalence is not known. For this reason we carried out a survey in the communities of this part of the countty where cases had been observed. The active search for cases was based on clinical observations of patients with dermatological disorders, to whom VDRL and FA-ABS tests were administered. The epidemiological survey included 4 intradomiciliary cases for each of the clinical patients detected and also 42 extradomiciliary cases. From a total of 1,830 persons examined, only 6 presented positive results for the VDRL and FTA-ABS tests, which represents a treponema infection prevalence of 0.3%. None of the clinically suspected yaw cases reacted positively to the mentioned tests. These findings permit us to conclude that yaws is not a public health problem in the Pacific Coast of Colombia, and that the sole use of clinical parameters induces to mistaken diagnosis.

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“…Performing both treponemal and nontreponemal tests in a resource-limited environment is challenging, due to the need for venipuncture, equipment for storage of reagents and sample processing, and trained personnel to conduct and interpret test results. Nonetheless, some modification of nontreponemal tests have made their use in resource limited settings easier (e.g., use of plasma versus serum, heat-stable antigens) (175,176). Using a reference laboratory, these tests were used to evaluate the impact of mass treatment campaigns against yaws in the late 1980s by Autier et al (177).…”

Section: Serological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endemic Treponematoses

2014

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SUMMARY The agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genus Treponema : three subspecies of Treponema pallidum plus Treponema carateum . T. pallidum subsp. pallidum causes venereal syphilis, while T. pallidum subsp. pertenue , T. pallidum subsp. endemicum , and T. carateum are the agents of the endemic treponematoses yaws, bejel (or endemic syphilis), and pinta, respectively. All human treponematoses share remarkable similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, consistent with the high genetic and antigenic relatedness of their etiological agents. Distinctive features have been identified in terms of age of acquisition, most common mode of transmission, and capacity for invasion of the central nervous system and fetus, although the accuracy of these purported differences is debated among investigators and no biological basis for these differences has been identified to date. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially set a goal for yaws eradication by 2020. This challenging but potentially feasible endeavor is favored by the adoption of oral azithromycin for mass treatment and the currently focused distribution of yaws and endemic treponematoses and has revived global interest in these fascinating diseases and their causative agents.

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New Technologies for Use in the Surveillance and Control of Yaws

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis

Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis

Encuesta seroepidemiológica de pian en la Costa Pacífica colombiana

The Endemic Treponematoses

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