New technologies for the study of carnivore reproduction

Durrant, Barbara S.; Ravida, Nicole; Spady, Thomas J.; Cheng, Alice

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.046

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…According to the above author, thermal imaging is effective in diagnosing late stages of pregnancy in the species (and similar taxa) if a number of conditions are met, including adequate preparation of the animal for the examination. Durrant et al (2006) evaluated the suitability of infrared thermography to detect pregnancy in giant pandas, using the domestic dog as a model for comparative purposes. Pregnancy and pseudopregnancy were successfully detected in giant pandas by the tested technique, whereas further research is needed to find out whether thermal imaging can be applied for pregnancy diagnosis in bitches.…”

Section: Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

et al. 2012

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Thermography is an imaging method which registers infrared waves in the electromagnetic spectrum that are emitted by all objects on the Earth. The state and properties of the studied objects and organisms can be evaluated by analyzing images of temperature distribution on their surface. Thermography has numerous practical applications, including in construction, industry, and the military and civil services. In natural sciences, thermal imaging techniques support safe and non-invasive measurements and the acquisition of results that cannot be obtained by any other method. Infrared thermography also creates a wide range of applications for human and veterinary medicine, ecology, zoology, and other natural sciences. Thermal imaging equipment is used to detect injuries, inflammations, and infectious diseases to control reproduction (detection of estrus and pregnancy, determination of male fertility) and lactation processes. The discussed method is applied to investigate thermoregulation in animals, to analyze the effect of environmental factors on animal behavior, to localize individuals and their habitats, and to determine the size of wildlife populations. Despite a wide range of practical applications, thermal imaging has a number of limitations which should be taken into account in studies that rely on infrared thermography techniques.

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Section: Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

et al. 2012

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“…Esta técnica, fácil e de baixo custo, consiste na pesquisa de diferentes células do epitélio vaginal e é usada normalmente para determinar as fases do ciclo estral em cadelas e gatas (Johnston et al 2001), a fim de predizer o melhor momento para realização da có-pula ou inseminação artificial. Algumas pesquisas têm sido realizadas com ursos panda (Durrant et al 2002, Durrant et al 2006, leões africanos (Silva et al 2006), caititus (Lima Neto & Nogueira Filho 2002), tamanduás (Soboll 2008) e cachorro do mato (Monteiro et al 2002). Todas buscaram observar se houve a existência de um mesmo padrão citológico encontrado em cães e gatos e identificar o melhor momento para realizar reprodução assistida ex situ nessas espécies.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Citologia vaginal de preguiça-de-coleira (Bradypus torquatus)

Snoeck

Cruz²,

Catenacci³

et al. 2011

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-As preguiças-de-coleira (Bradypus torquatus) são mamíferos arborícolas da família Bradypodidae. Podem ser encontradas nos trechos de Mata Atlântica do Brasil e a maior diversidade genética de suas populações ocorre em matas do sul da Bahia. A observação desses animais na natureza é muito difícil, pois passam a maior parte da vida escondidos no denso emaranhado das copas, por isso, dados sobre aspectos reprodutivos são escassos e não existem informações sobre ciclo estral dessa espécie. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as células do epitélio vaginal da preguiça-de-coleira (Bradypus torquatus) como forma de viabilizar o uso dessa técnica para estudar as fases do ciclo estral desses animais. As amostras para citologia Maned sloths (Bradypus torquatus) are arboreal mammals of the family Bradypodidae. They can be only found in the Atlantic coast forest of Brazil and its most genetically diverse populations occur in forests of southern Bahia. The observation of these animals in the wild is very difficult as they spend most of their lifetime hidden in the dense forest canopy. Data on their reproductive aspects are scarce, and there is none information about their estrous cycle. This research aimed at identifying the vaginal epithelial cells of maned sloths (Bradypus torquatus) as a possible way to study the phases of the estrous cycle of this animal. The samples for vaginal cytology were obtained from four free ranging maned sloths living in a protected area of coastal forest in the South of Bahia. The sterile gynecological brush was inserted up to the necessary distance to reach the pelvic channel. For each sample two smears were made by rotating the tip of the brush onto each glass slide, producing in general three linear impressions. Staining was performed using rapid Panotic Kit (Laborclin®). Maned sloths BT033, BT065, and BT042 presented, respectively, 30%, 33%, and 7% of parabasal epithelial cells (PB); 56%, 22%, and 10% of small intermediate cells (IP); 6%, 18%, and 6% of large intermediate cells (IG); 2%, 13%, and 24% of superficial epithelial cell with a nucleus (SN); 6%, 14%, and 53% of anucleated superficial epithelial cell (AS). Two cell samples were collected for maned sloth BT464 with a 13 months interval. Cytological differences were observed between the two samples (1st and 2nd): 6% and 17,5% of PB cells, 5% and 25% of IP cells, 11% and 15,5% of IG cells, 8% and 19,5% of SN cells and 70% and 22,5% of AS cells, respectively. It's interesting to remark that the percentage of vaginal epithelial cells varied among sloths and also for the same animal. This result suggests that vaginal cytology of maned sloth can be used as a tool to evaluate of estrous cycle.INDEX TERMS: Vaginal epithelial cells, reproduction, maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus, Bradypodidae.

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“…A substantial amount of information has been generated over the past 25 years describing the reproductive biology of the female giant panda (for reviews, see Durrant et al 2006;Howard et al 2006;Steinman et al 2006). Males and females reach sexual maturity at approximately 5 and 3 years of age, respectively (KleimaneW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine milieu of perioestrus in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), as determined by non-invasive hormone measures

Kersey

Wildt

Brown

et al. 2010

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of faecal hormonal measures for evaluating ovarian activity in a significant sized cohort of giant pandas during the perioestrual period. Faecal excretion of oestrogen and progestagen metabolites corresponded with urinary patterns and receptive behaviours. Longitudinal assessment of 10 females revealed that, on average, faecal oestrogen concentrations started to rise (P < 0.05) above baseline (baseline meanis.e.m.; 64.7±6.6ngg~') 5 days before the preovulatory oestrogen peak (484.6=L 126.8ngg~'), which was followed by a gradual descent over 4 days to nadir. Mean faecal progestagen metabolite concentrations increased approximately twofold above baseline (from 186.2 ± 37.7 to 347.2 ± 75.7 ng g _1 ; P < 0.05) during the 20-day interval after the preovulatory oestrogen surge. Variability within and among females precluded the use of a threshold of oestrogen or progestagen metabolites to predict reproductive status, yet faeces collected 2-3 days per week provided sufficient data to recognise that an individual was in the perioestrual period. Finally, in females that were examined for at least 3 consecutive years, there was an 18-53 day variation in the onset and an 8-13 day variation in the duration of perioestrual behaviour from year to year. In summary, these findings indicate that gonadal hormone profiles associated with the period immediately before, during and after oestrus are accurately revealed by analysis of the fibrous faeces of the giant panda. This approach has potential value for providing point-in-time information on the reproductive status of free-living individuals.

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New technologies for the study of carnivore reproduction

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

Infrared thermal imaging in studies of wild animals

Citologia vaginal de preguiça-de-coleira (Bradypus torquatus)

Endocrine milieu of perioestrus in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), as determined by non-invasive hormone measures

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