New technologies and mechanisms for greenhouses

Abstract

The number of greenhouses for the year-round production of vegetables, fruits, flowers is increasing in many countries worldwide. Currently, the technology of production in greenhouses is quite developed. Some difference in technology takes place due to the climatic conditions of the country and types of products produced. The cost of production depends on the technology used and energy costs. The purpose of the research is as follows: to determine the effectiveness of existing technologies, their impact on the cost of production, development of new technologies and mechanisms to reduce the cost of products and increase competitiveness. As a result of the research, it was established that the curtain mechanisms, as well as vent sash windows opening, fog and ventilation formation, consume not more than 7-9 % of electrical energy. The most part of electrical energy is used for artificial lighting system, soil moistening mechanisms, supplying of nutrient solution and for electric circulation pump of hot water in the heating system. According to the results of the research, an electric activator of aqueous solutions for disinfection and plant protection has been developed to increase the efficiency of growing products in greenhouses. The design of the system of mirrors for the equal distribution of the light flux from additional illumination throughout the entire volume of plants is substantiated. All technologies and mechanisms get power from a gas turbogenerator with an asynchronous generator. Main conclusions: the practical implementation of the developed technologies and mechanisms allows to reduce a consumption of electrical energy up to 17-19 %, depending on the geographical location of a greenhouse; the proposed development are new and it received 3 patents of the Russian Federation.