New Techniques for Augmenting Saliva Collection: Bacon Rules and Lozenge Drools

Peres, Jeremy C.; Rouquette, Jacob L.; Miocevic, Olga; Warner, Melissa C.; Slowey, Paul D.; Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.02.015

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, the use of a cotton swab for saliva collection may have significantly interfered with collection of the DENV NS1 protein and resulted in a lower NS1 concentration in the analyzed saliva [ 47 ]. The challenges associated with the collection of saliva without effecting the concentration of the desired biomarker is currently being explored [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Clearly, more studies are needed to establish which saliva collection technique is most effective for NS1 detection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Protein with a Label-Free Immunosensor for Early Dengue Diagnosis

Wasik

Mulchandani

Yates

2018

Sensors

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Dengue virus (DENV) is a highly pathogenic, arthropod-borne virus transmitted between people by Aedes mosquitoes. Despite efforts to prevent global spread, the potential for DENV epidemics is increasing world-wide. Annually, 3.6 billion people are at risk of infection. With no licensed vaccine, early diagnosis of dengue infection is critical for clinical management and patient survival. Detection of DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a clinically accepted biomarker for the early detection of DENV infection. Unfortunately, virtually all of the laboratory and commercial DENV NS1 diagnostic methods require a blood draw for sample analysis, limiting point-of-care diagnostics and decreases patient willingness. Alternatively, NS1 in human saliva has been identified for the potential early diagnosis of DENV infection. The collection of saliva is simple, non-invasive, painless, and inexpensive, even by minimally trained personnel. In this study, we present a label-free chemiresistive immunosensor for the detection of the DENV NS1 protein utilizing a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with anti-dengue NS1 monoclonal antibodies. NS1 was successfully detected in adulterated artificial human saliva over the range of clinically relevant concentrations with high sensitivity and selectivity. It has potential application in clinical diagnosis and the ease of collection allows for self-testing, even within the home.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Protein with a Label-Free Immunosensor for Early Dengue Diagnosis

Wasik

Mulchandani

Yates

2018

Sensors

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“…The dose for the lozenge was calculated to mimic in vivo conditions using the average size of human pharynx tissue (35.9 cm 2 , calculated for the oropharynx and hypopharynx using information published previously) and saliva production (0.75 mL/min on average, about 10 mins for a lozenge to dissolve). 40,41 This equated to doses of 187.73 (standard deviation [SD] ± 171.22) μg and 15.11 (SD ± 0.09) μg flurbiprofen applied to the pharynx tissue from the spray and lozenge formulations, respectively, as confirmed by HPLC. Samples of receiver fluid were removed at 10 min intervals from 0 to 60 mins.…”

Section: Permeation and Penetration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Determination of the Permeation and Penetration of Flurbiprofen into Cadaveric Human Pharynx Tissue</p>

Turner¹,

Wevrett²,

Edmunds³

et al. 2020

CPAA

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Objective: Flurbiprofen 8.75 mg spray and lozenge have a rapid onset of action for sore throat relief, suggesting local action, although tissue penetration and the mechanism of local relief have not been determined. This investigation aimed to quantify the permeation and penetration of flurbiprofen, applied as local pharmaceutical forms, into full-thickness cadaveric human mucosal pharynx tissue, representing the clinical scenario as far as possible. Methods: A validated high-performance liquid chromatography method quantified the permeation and penetration of flurbiprofen (spray and lozenge formulations) into human cadaveric pharynx tissue using a micro Franz cell model mimicking physiological and anatomical conditions. Full-thickness mucosal pharynx tissue, consisting of oral epithelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria, was utilized to imitate the in vivo setting. Flurbiprofen was analyzed on the surface of the pharynx tissue, within the pharynx tissue and in receiver fluid, over 60 mins. Results: Flurbiprofen was detected in receiver fluid from 10 mins following spray application and was quantifiable from 20 mins. Flurbiprofen from lozenge was detected from 10 mins and was above the limit of quantitation in receiver fluid from 40 mins. Flurbiprofen recovered from the surface of the pharynx tissue was 24.45% and 8.48% of applied dose for spray and lozenge, respectively. Flurbiprofen recovered within pharynx tissue was 46.50% and 54.65% of applied dose for spray and lozenge, respectively. For flurbiprofen lozenge, recovery within pharynx tissue was 6-fold higher relative to recovery from the pharynx tissue surface. Conclusion: Flurbiprofen from spray and lozenge formulations penetrated human cadaveric pharynx tissue, indicating that flurbiprofen can reach all layers of the pharynx mucosal tissue, including the underlying lamina propria, which contains blood vessels and nerve fibers that contribute to pain during sore throat. This suggests that flurbiprofen may have a local mechanism of action for sore throat, although this has yet to be determined.

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“…In another study by Peres et al . ( 24 ) undertaken on 27 patients, using chewable maltose Tablets resulted in increased compared with baseline measurements. Furthermore, 2 literature reviews carried out by Brosky et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effectiveness of salivary stimulation using xylitol-malic acid tablets as coadjuvant treatment in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: early findings

et al. 2020

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Background Besides dental erosion syndrome, other oral syndromes could benefit from the stimulation of salivary secretion, in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Our aims is evaluate the improvement of oral extra-oesophageal manifestations in patients with GORD using xylitol–malic acid tablets to stimulate salivary secretion. Material and Methods The effectiveness of salivary stimulation using xylitol–malic acid tablets (as a supplement to omeprazole 40 mg/day) was assessed in a clinical trial (n = 14) lasting six months with patients with prior positive pH-metry, through GORD extra-oesophageal clinical signs, GerdQ and RDQ questionnaires, odontological variables, basal salivary secretion, stimulated salivary secretion, pH and buffer capacity, mucosal erythema index and dental wear. Statistics: chi-square (Haberman post-hoc), ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney U; variables between visits were evaluated with McNemar’s Student’s t and Wilcoxon tests; p < 0.05. Results 100% of patients not taking xylitol–malic acid presented xerostomia, but only 14.3% of patients taking xylitol–malic acid ( p < 0.01) did. The mean saliva-buffer capacity at the last visit for patients not taking xylitol–malic acid was 2.14 ± 0.38, versus 2.71 ± 0.49 for patients taking xylitol–malic acid ( p < 0.05). Retro-sternal burning ( p < 0.05), heartburn ( p < 0.05) and regurgitation ( p < 0.05) were also reduced. Conclusions Xylitol–malic acid tablets improve quality of life among patients with GORD, by reducing dry mouth, increasing saliva buffering and reducing heartburn, retro-sternal burning and regurgitation. Key words: Tooth wear, erosion, gastroesophageal reflux, saliva.

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New Techniques for Augmenting Saliva Collection: Bacon Rules and Lozenge Drools

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Salivary Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Protein with a Label-Free Immunosensor for Early Dengue Diagnosis

Salivary Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Protein with a Label-Free Immunosensor for Early Dengue Diagnosis

<p>Determination of the Permeation and Penetration of Flurbiprofen into Cadaveric Human Pharynx Tissue</p>

Effectiveness of salivary stimulation using xylitol-malic acid tablets as coadjuvant treatment in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: early findings

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