New Tachinidae (Diptera) Host Records of Eastern North American Forest Canopy Lepidoptera: Baseline Data in a &lt;I&gt;Bacillus thuriengiensis&lt;/I&gt; Variety &lt;I&gt;kurstaki&lt;/I&gt; Nontarget Study

Strazanac, John S.; Plaugher, Christine D.; Petrice, Toby R.; Butler, Linda

doi:10.1603/0022-0493-94.5.1128

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…However, M. americanum was heavily parasitized by tachinids (42%) (Strazanac et al 2001), and several hymenopteran parasitoids have been reported from larvae of this species (Kulman 1965, Witter and Kulman 1972, Krombein et al 1979). The number of hymenopteran parasitoid species parasitizing macrolepidopteran larvae ßuctuated during the collecting seasons, with the largest number collected in late May to early June (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krombein et al (1979) included many previously unpublished associations, whereas Arnaud (1978) was based on previously published records. Recent large-scale rearings of forest macrolepidoptera by Butler (1993) documented 115 new host associations and our companion study by Strazanac et al (2001), which reported 60 new tachinid host associations, indicate that we lack a considerable amount of knowledge in this area of forest ecology.…”

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confidence: 90%

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A Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Forest Macrolepidoptera in the Central Appalachians

Petrice¹,

Strazanac²,

Butler³

2004

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In 1995 and 1996, we conducted a study of the hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae in the George Washington National Forest (GWNF), Augusta County, Virginia, and the Monongahela National Forest (MNF), Pocahontas County, West Virginia. Macrolepidopteran larvae were collected from canopy foliage and from under canvas bands placed around tree boles. A total of 115 macrolepidopteran species and 5,235 individual larvae were reared. Forty-two percent (2,221) of the larvae were gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae). A total of 43 primary and secondary (hyperparasitoid) hymenopteran parasitoid species were reared from 46 macrolepidopteran species. Hymenopteran families represented included Ichneumonidae (23 species), Braconidae (19), Eulophidae (6), Perilampidae (1), and Trigonalidae (1). We reared 41 and 28 parasitoid species from the GWNF and the MNF, respectively, with 19 species reared from both forests. Many parasitoid species were collected infrequently, suggesting that they are relatively rare on the sampled hosts. The introduced species Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg) (Braconidae), and Euplectrus bicolor (Swederus) (Eulophidae) were among the most commonly reared parasitoids, the latter reared from native hosts. The four most commonly reared native parasitoids were Meteorus hyphantriae, Riley (Braconidae), Microplitis near hyphantriae (Ashmead) (Braconidae), Aleiodes preclarus Marsh & Shaw, and Euplectrus maculiventris (Westwood) (Eulophidae). A total of 53 new hymenopteran parasitoid-macrolepidopteran host records were documented. Results from this study will be used to evaluate long-term treatment effects of regional applications of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, and the gypsy moth fungus Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper on hymenopteran parasitoids of macrolepidopteran larvae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 90%

A Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Forest Macrolepidoptera in the Central Appalachians

Petrice¹,

Strazanac²,

Butler³

2004

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“…Los Tachinidae son importantes parasitoides de Lepidoptera, así como de otros órdenes de insectos (Strazanac et al 2001). En el presente estudio, las especies pertenecientes a esta familia de dípteros se caracterizan por ser parasitoides primarios y koinobiontes y todos los parasitoides identifi cados representan nuevos registros de parasitismo sobre H. metabus, con la excepción de Belvosia spp.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Parasitoides larva-pupa de Hylesia metabus Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) en la región nororiental de Venezuela: un caso de control Biológico Natural

Hernández¹,

Osborn²,

Herrera³

et al. 2009

Neotrop. entomol.

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-The moth Hylesia metabusCramer is considered a public health pest due to the release of urticating hairs by adult females during periodic invasions of towns and villages, producing dermatits in humans. We reported natural parasitism levels for this moth during six life cycles in two localities in northeastern Venezuela. Pupae were collected in the fi eld and maintained under laboratory conditions (27°C, 65% RH, 12L:12D photoperiod) until eclosion. In Mapire, parasitism increased from 33.0% to 91.1% in the three cycles studied, with the dipterans Belvosia spp. (Tachinidae) and Sarcodexia lambens Wiedemann (Sarcophagidae) and species from Ichneumonidae, Chalcidae, Perilampidae and Eulophidae being the most common. In Pedernales, parasitism decreased from 29.5% to 16.1%, and Belvosia spp. was the most abundant parasitoids, reaching parasitization levels between 70.7% and 96.2%. A signifi cative parasitization by Neotheronia sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) (27.1%) occurred only in third life cycle. All natural enemies observed were koinobionts, larval-pupa parasitoids. The variations in the populations of H. metabus and its parasitoids in the areas studied are discussed. Belvosia spp. and S. lambens may have potential for use in integrated management program of H. metabus.KEY WORDS: Parasitism, Tachinidae, Sarcophagidae, Hymenoptera, urticating hair RESUMEN -Hylesia metabus Cramer es una polilla considerada un problema de salud pública debido a que las hembras adultas liberan setas urticantes produciendo dermatitis y prurito intenso en el hombre. En la región nororiental de Venezuela, en dos localidades (Mapire y Pedernales) y durante seis ciclos, se registró el parasitismo natural sobre esta polilla. Para ello, se colectaron pupas en el campo y se mantuvieron bajo condiciones de laboratorio (27ºC, 65% humedad relativa y ciclo invertido 12L:12O) hasta la eclosión de los adultos. Se determinó que en Mapire el parasitismo aumentó de 33,0% a 91,1% en tres ciclos consecutivos estudiados y los principales parasitoides fueron los Diptera: Belvosia spp. (Tachinidae) y Sarcodexia lambens (Sarcophagidae) y diversas especies de Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae, Chalcidae, Perilampidae, Eulophidae). En Pedernales en tres ciclos consecutivos el parasitismo disminuyó de 29,5% a 16,1%, el parasitoide más abundante fue Belvosia spp., con niveles de parasitismo entre 70,7% y 96,2%. Solamente durante el tercer ciclo, la contribución de otro parasitoide resultó signifi cativa y correspondió a Neotheronia sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), que causó 27,1% de parasitismo. Todos los parasitoides obtenidos fueron koinobiontes larva-pupa. Las variaciones poblacionales de H. metabus y sus parasitoides en las áreas estudiadas son discutidas. Belvosia spp. y Sarcodexia lambens son potenciales parasitoides a ser usados en programas de manejo integrado de este insecto plaga.

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“…We reared C. concinnata from eight identified host species, five of which were known hosts and three of which represent new rearing records (Table S3 in Online Resource 1). Of the remaining total 105 lepidopteran species collected in our study, 11 are known to be hosts of the introduced tachinid (Raizenne 1952;Arnaud 1978;Peigler 1994;Cossentine and Jensen 1995;Strazanac et al 2001) but did not produce any adult C. concinnata in our rearings.…”

Section: Parasitism Rates and Parasitoid Sharingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Establishment and dominance of an introduced herbivore has limited impact on native host-parasitoid food webs

2011

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The gypsy moth is considered one of the most harmful invasive forest insects in North America. It has been suggested that gypsy moth may indirectly impact native caterpillar communities via shared parasitoids. However, the impact of gypsy moth on forest insect food webs in general remains unstudied. Here we assess such potential impacts by surveying forest insect food webs in Ontario, Canada. We systematically collected caterpillars using burlap bands at sites with and without histories of gypsy moth outbreak, and then reared these caterpillars until potential parasitoid emergence. This procedure allowed us to generate quantitative food webs describing caterpillar-parasitoid interactions. We estimated the degree of parasitoid sharing between gypsy moth and native caterpillars. We also statistically modeled the effect of gypsy moth outbreak history and current gypsy moth abundance on standard indices of quantitative food web structure and the diversity of parasitoid communities. Rates of gypsy moth parasitism were very low and gypsy moth shared very few parasitoids with native caterpillars, suggesting limited potential for indirect interactions. We did not detect any significant effects of gypsy moth on either food web structure or parasitoid diversity, and the small amount of parasitoid sharing strongly implies that this lack of significance is not merely due to low statistical power. Our study suggests that gypsy moth has limited impact on native host-parasitoid food webs, at least for species that use burlap bands. Our results emphasize that extrapolations of theoretical and experimental conclusions on the impacts of invasive species should be tested in natural settings.

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New Tachinidae (Diptera) Host Records of Eastern North American Forest Canopy Lepidoptera: Baseline Data in a <I>Bacillus thuriengiensis</I> Variety <I>kurstaki</I> Nontarget Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

A Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Forest Macrolepidoptera in the Central Appalachians

A Survey of Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Forest Macrolepidoptera in the Central Appalachians

Parasitoides larva-pupa de Hylesia metabus Cramer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) en la región nororiental de Venezuela: un caso de control Biológico Natural

Establishment and dominance of an introduced herbivore has limited impact on native host-parasitoid food webs

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